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MSK Anatomy > lower limb muscles > Flashcards

lower limb muscles Flashcards

1
Q

wat type of tissue is fascia and what 3 things does it do?

A

fibrous

lines, separates,invests

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2
Q

out of the 3 types of fascia, which surrounds muscle?

A

deep

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3
Q

what ligament does the fascia lata proximally start at and where does it end?

A

inguinal

bony prominences of tibia

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4
Q

what do you call the deep fascia of the leg?

A

crural fascia

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5
Q

the fascia lata gives rise to 3 intermuscular septa. which is the thickest and why?

A

lateral-reinforcement from iliotibial tract

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6
Q

What is the name of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?

A

ovoid hiatus

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7
Q

what structure passes through the saphenous opening?

A

great saphenous vein

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8
Q

when does a femoral hernia become exceptionally noticable?

A

protrusion through saphenous opening producing swelling inferior to inguinal ligament

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9
Q

what movements does the iliotibial tract assist in?

A

illio tibial tract, extend abduct lat! (extend, abduct and lateral rotation of hip) and lat stabilisation of knee joint

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10
Q

what is the role of the tensor fascia lata muscle?

A

tensor fascia lata

flex, abduct, int rotata of hip

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11
Q

what happens as a result of the fascia lata being pulled taut by the tensor fascia lata?

A

-forces muscle groups closer together within their intermuscular septa so closer to humerus. prevents outward movement of muscles and centralises muscle weight, thus reducing force required to move hip

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12
Q

what is an additonal, important property of tensing the fascia lata?

A

compresses DEEP veins to ensure sufficient venous return occurs

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13
Q

what fascia completely covers iliacus and psoas region and blends with the fascia lata superiorly?

A

deep iliac fascia

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14
Q

what is the advantage of using fascia lata over an artificial product in a transplantation?

A

already well vascularised. no need for microvascular anastomoses

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15
Q

what muscle act to mainly abduct and extend the hip?

A

they abduct and extend…..the 3 glutei and TFL friend!

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

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16
Q

whats the difference in nerve innervation between the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius/minimus/tensor fascia lata?

A

maximus=inferior gluteal nerve

medius/minumus=superior

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17
Q

Damage to what nerve causes trendelenburg’s sign?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

what happens to which muscles in a positive test for trendelenburgs?

A

glutues medius and minimus on opposite side of leg being raised cannot contract to hold the pelvis up

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19
Q

name the 5 deep gluteal muscles and their innervations.

A

piriformis-nerve to piriformis
superior gemelli-nerve to obturator internus
inferior gemelli-nerve to quadratus femoris
obturator internus-nerve to obturator internus
quadratus femoris-nerve to quadratus femoris

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20
Q

what muscle is a landmark in the gluteal region and why?

A

piriformis

  • divides superior and inferior gluteal nerves
  • sciatic nerve (peripheral) runs beneath piriformis
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21
Q

name the 8 anterior muscles of the thigh

A

illiopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)
quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris,vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis)
pectineus
sartorius

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22
Q

what part of the lumbar spine does the femoral nerve originate from?

A

L2-4

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23
Q

which muscle in the anterior thigh does NOT receive innervation from the femoral nerve? what nerve innervates it?

A

psoas major-anterior rami of L1-3

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24
Q

which muscle in the anterior thigh receives innervation from the femoral nerve and another part of a nerve? what nerve is it? and why?

A

pectineus
obturator nerve
-near to medial muscles which are innervated by obturator

25
Q

describe how you would test for femoral nerve damage with the quad femoris?

A

supine

  • flex leg
  • ask to extend whilst resisting
  • should see contraction of muscle
26
Q

name the 5 muscles of the medial thigh

A

gracillis, obturator externus, adductor longus, brevis, magnus

27
Q

name the 2 parts of the adductor magnus

A

adductor part

hamstring part

28
Q

which quad femoris muscle is the only one to cross hip and knee joint and as a result cause what movements?

A

rectus femoris
flexion at hip
extension at the knee

29
Q

what muscle separates the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve?

A

adductor brevis

30
Q

what is the most superior medial muscle?

A

obturator externus

31
Q

what medial thigh compartment muscle is usually transplanted into an arm or hand?

A

gracillis

32
Q

name the 3 posterior muscles of the thigh from lateral to medial and their innervation.

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus SCIATIC NERVE

33
Q

name the anterior muscles of the leg

A

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior,fibularis tertius

34
Q

what are the 2 main actions of the anterior leg muscles?

A

dorsiflex foot and inversion

35
Q

what is the nervous and arterial supply to the anterior leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

anterior tibial artery

36
Q

apart from dorsiflexion, what else does the fibularis tertius do?

A

eversion of foot

37
Q

Damage to the common fibular nerve from which the deep fibular nerve arises is called what? what happens as a result?

A

foot drop

unupposed plantar flexion

38
Q

name the 2 muscles of the lateral leg, with both ways to say their name.

A

fibularis/peroneal longus

fibularis/peroneal brevis

39
Q

what is the main role of the lateral leg muscles?

A

eversion

stop excessive inversion

40
Q

what is the innervation to the lateral leg muscles?

A

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve L4-S1

41
Q

what is the role of the peroneal/fibularis longus?

A

evert and plantar flexion of foot

42
Q

role of fib/peroneal brevis?

A

eversion

43
Q

how can you locate the common fibular nerve (bifurcates into superficial and deep) during dissection?

A

-gap within fibularis longus muscle between head and neck of fibula that it runs through

44
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior leg innervated by and what are their main actions?

A

tibial nerve

plantar flexion and inversion of foot

45
Q

name the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior leg.

Which 2 plantar flex as well as flex the knee (cross knee joint) and which muscle just plantar flexes?

A

gastrocnemius-plantar flex and flex at knee
plantaris-plantar flex and flex at knee
soleus -just plantar flex

46
Q

what attaches the posterior superficial leg muscles to the foot (what bone of foot?) and what 2 bursa are present?

A

calcaneus tendon to calcaneus of foot

  • subcutaneous calcaneus bursa
  • deep bursa of calcaneal tendon
47
Q

what happens to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles when the calcaneus tendon ruptures?

A

contract to form a lump

48
Q

name the 4 muscles of the deep posterior leg

A

tibialis posterior
popliteus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

49
Q

which deep posterior leg muscle acts at the knee joint?

A

popliteus

50
Q

what is the role of the popliteus?

A

laterally rotates the femur on the tibia to unlock knee and allow flexion

51
Q

name the 2 intrinsic dorsal muscles of the foot and their innervations.

A

extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis longus
deep fibular nerve

52
Q

which 2 nerves supply the plantar side of th foot and what are they branches of?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

tibial nerve

53
Q

name the 3 muscles in the first layer of the plantar foot. most superficial Name their innervations

A

abductor hallucis-medial plantar nerve
flexor digitorum brevis-medial plantar
abductor digiti minimi-lateral plantar

54
Q

nmae the 2 muscles of the second layer of the plantar foot. what are their innervations?

A

quadratus plantae-lat plantar

lumbricals-medial 1=medial plantar, rest is lateral plantar

55
Q

name the 3 muscles of the third layer of the plantar foot. what are their innervations?

A

flexor hallucis brevis-medial plantar
flexor digiti minimi brevis-lat plantar
adductor hallucis-lat plantar

56
Q

name the 2 muscles of the foruth layer of the plantar foot and their innervations.

A

dorsal interossei-lat plantar

plantar interossei-lat plantar

57
Q

what 2 muscles invert the foot?

A

posterior and anterior tibialis muscles

58
Q

what muscle everts the foot?

A

fibularis tertius

59
Q

what are the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus inserting onto the medial tibia called collectively?

A

pes anserinus (gooses leg)

MSK Anatomy (10 decks)

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