Lower limb bones Flashcards
what 2 muscles attach to the lesser trochanter (posterior, medial part of the femur just inferior to the neck shaft line)?
iliacus and psoas major (P-soas major, I-liacus, L-esser, T-rochanter) Piltz Arnold german player-Lesser, not Tall
What do you call the ridge of bone on the anterior aspect of the femur that connects the lesser and greater trochanters together?
intertrochanteric line
The posterior intertrochanteric crest contains what for the attachment of a specific muscle?
quadrate tubercle-quadratus femoris
what type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
what are the 2 roles of the patella?
- allow flexion
- protect the anterior limb from trauma
in a patella dislocation, what is the most common direction that the bone displaces? Give 2 ways this occurs.
- lateral movement
- high force impact, twisting of the knee
give 2 ways the patella can fracture.
- direct trauma
- sudden contraction of the quadriceps
where does the patella ligament attach to?
tibial tuberosity
what border of the tibia gives attachment to the interosseous membrane?
lateral border
what line is apparent on the posterior surface of the tibia and what muscle attaches here?
soleal line-soleus muscle
what bony projection on the tibia articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint?
medial malleolus
what is the name of the notch on the distal oart of the tibia that articulates with the bottom of the fibular?
fibular notch
how is the medial malleolus fractured?
over inversion and talus of foot forces against malleolus
does the fibula articulate with the humerus at the knee joint?
no
proximally, where on the tibia does the fibula articulate?
lateral condyle
what can be found on the posteriolateral surface of the proximal fibula?
common fibula nerve
which malleoulus is more prominent?
lateral
what is the most superior bone of the foot called?
talus
name the 3 articulations that the talus has with other structures.
- bones of leg
- subtalar joint with calcaneus
- talonavicular joint with navicular
name the 2 articulations that the calcaneus has with other structures.
- subtalar joint with talus
- calcaneocuboid joint with cuboid
what is the significance of the achilles calcaneal tuberosity?
site of attachment for achilles tendon
what is the significance of the navicular tuberosity on the plantar surface of the foot?
site of attachemnt for posterior tibialis tendon
what is the significance of the cuboid on the plantar surface of the foot?
attachment of fibularis longus
which 2 bones of the foot are most frequently fractured?
calcaneus and talus
in a talus fracture, why is there little displacement of the fragments?
malleoli act to hold them in place
what is significant about a neck fracture of the talus bone? How does it occur?
avascular necrosis may occur
excessive dorsiflexion
what is the most common way the calcaneus is fractured? What is the name of the fracture and why?
falling on a heel forces calcaneus into talus
-comminuted (bone breaks into several pieces)
what is common with the subtalar joint after a calcaneus fracture?
arthritis
