lower limb areas Flashcards
what is the superior border of the femoral triangle?
inguinal ligament
what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
medial border of sartorius muscle
what is the medial border of the femoral triangle?
medial border of adductor longus
what forms the roof of the femoral triangle?
fascia lata
what forms the floor of the femoral triangle? 3 muscles
pectineus
iliopsoas
adductor longus
what doe sthe inguinal ligament act as to support the femoral traingle contents, during flexion at the hip?
flexor retinaculum
Name the contents of the femoral triangle and give the name of the pneumonic that helps.
- NAVEL (lat to med)
- femoral nerve,artery,vein,empty space, lymph canal
what 3 structures are found within the femoral sheath?
artery,vein,lymph canal
Name 2 procedures that are carried out through peircing of the femoral artery.
- coronary angiography (long thin tube fed up to coronary arteries, dye injected and xray shows up)
- ABG (arterial blood gases-see %of o2 and co2
what happens in a femoral hernia?
part of the bowel pushes into femoral canal, underneath inguinal ligament
the femoral triangle contains an opening or what vessel? What is this opening called?
- great saphenous vein
- saphenous opening
What structures make up the borders of the femoral canal?
- posterior-pectineus muscle, pectineal ligament and superior rami of pubis
- antterior-inguinal ligament
- medial-lacunar ligament
- lateral-femoral vein
what is the opening of the femoral canal called?
femoral ring
what is the femoral ring surrounded by?
connective tissue layer-femoral septum
what 3 things does the femoral canal contain?
- empty space
- lymphatic vessels
- loose connective tissue
what is the point of the empty space?
allows for distension of the femoral vein when increased venous return occurs or abdominal pressure increases
what do you call a hernia with a compromised blood supply?
strangulated hernia
Name the 3 borders of the adductor canal (medial side of thigh starting from apex of femoral triangle). Anterior, lateral, medial
anterior-sartorius
lateral-vastus medialis
medial-adductor longus and magnus
what is the apex of the adductor canal marked by?
adductor hiatus
name the 4 contents of the adductor canal.
femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve (cutaneous branch of femoral nerve)
what do the femoral artery and vein become as they leave the adductor canal?
popliteal artery and vein
where is local anaesthetic administered to perform an adductor canal block?
saphenous nerve and sometimes nerve to vastus medialis
what happens in adductor canal compression syndrome?
contents of the neurovascular bundle are entrapped by hypertrophy of the vastus medialis muscle
what shape do the borders of the popliteal fossa make uo?
diamond
what makes up the superiomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
SMS- SuperiorMedial Semimembranosus
what makes up the inferiomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
MIM-medial head of gastrocnemius
what makes up the superiolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
BLS (like BLT sandwich)-Biceps femoris
what makes up the inferiolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
LIL-lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
what makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal fascia, fascia lata and skin
what makes up the floor of popliteal fossa?
knee joint capsule, femur bone
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa? lat to medial
CANT TRY POPPING PUS (common fibular nerve, tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery)
what 2 structures in the popliteal fossa are the most superficial and what are they the branches of?
- common fibular anf tibial nerve
- sciatic nerve
what tendon does the common fibular nerve follow?
-biceps femoris tendon
what is the path of the small saphenous vein through the popliteal fossa?
pierces the popliteal fascia to enter the popliteal fossa and drain into the popliteal vein
what is the popliteal artery a continuation of? Is it deep superficial or middle?
femoral artery
deepest structure
what is a bakers cyst a swelling of and what is it in conjuction with?
semimembranosus bursa
arthritis of both forms
what can a ruptured cyst produce similar symptoms with?
deep vein thrombosis
what feature of the popliteal fossa means that the popliteal artery aneurysm causes harm to other structures?
popliteal fascia is touch and non extensible
what structure is particularly susceptible from a popliteal artery aneurysm and what happens as a result?
tibial nerve-anesthesia and los of motor function in the leg
what 2 ways can you detect an aneurysm in the popliteal fossa?
palpable pulse
arterial sounds
