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MSK Anatomy > All upper limb anatomy > Flashcards

All upper limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles make up the quadrangular space (medial, lateral, superior, inferior?

A

medial-long head of triceps brachii
lateral-surgical neck of humerus
superior-teres minor and subscapularis
inferior-teres major

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2
Q

what space do the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery pass through?

A

quadrangular space

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3
Q

the axillary nerve terminates into what two branches?

A

anterior and posterior branch

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4
Q

what does the anterior branch of the axillary nerve do?

A

provide motor innervation to deltoid MAD (motor, anterior, deltoid)

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5
Q

what does the posterior branch of the axillary nerve do?

A
  • motor innervation of teres minor

- sensory innervation of inferior part of deltoid

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6
Q

After innervating the motor function of teres minor, what does the posterior branch of the axillary nerve continue as?

A

upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

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7
Q

what is the specific name of the area that the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm innervates?

A

regimental badge

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8
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the forearm and which nerve of the brachial plexus does it derive from?

A
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

- musculocutaneus

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9
Q

what branch of the median nerve supplies the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

-anterior interosseous nerve

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10
Q

what branch of the median nerve does not pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

palmar cutaneous nerve

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11
Q

what does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

thenar muscles

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12
Q

what does the palmar digital branch of the median nerve innervate?

A
  • innervates 3 and a half fingers

- lateral 2 lumbricals

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13
Q

what does the palmar digital cutaneous branch of the median nerve innervate?

A
  • lateral 3 and a half digits on palmar side

- half of lateral 3 and a half digits on dorsal side

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14
Q

Superficial and deep radial nerve branches. Which one is sensory and which one is motor innervation?

A

superficial=sensory

deep=motor

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15
Q

what are the names of the 4 branches of the radial nerve that provide sensory innervation and which areas do they innervate?

A
  • lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • superficial branch-lateral part of dorsal hand and 3 and a half lateral fingers
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16
Q

Radial nerve damage in the axilla-motor and sensory loss?

A

yes

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17
Q

Radial nerve damage in the radial groove. Does it fully damage triceps brachii? What happens in sensory innervation?

A
  • no, only partially

- only superficial branch out of 4 cutaneous nerves affected as other branches already arisen. Loss of hand innervation

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18
Q

Name 2 other injuries of radial nerve besides axilla and radial groove injuries.

A
  • deep branch injury (motor loss)

- superficial branch injury (sensory loss)

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19
Q

In superficial and deep branch of radial nerve injuries, how do they occur and what happens?

A

-superficial=laceration or stabbing
-deep=radial head fracture
Sensory-hand innervation lost
Motor-post forearm muscles affected, however ECRL is strong extensor and isnt affected so WRIST DROP does NOT occur

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20
Q

name the 3 branches of the ulna nerve and state what sensory innervation they carry out.

A
  • palmar cutaneous branch-palm of palmar surface
  • dorsal cutaneous branch-dorsal medial one and a half fingers and palm area
  • superficial branch-palmar medial one and a half fingers
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21
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

plane

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22
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the AC joint covered with?

A

fibrocartilage

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23
Q

name the 3 ligaments involved with the AC and group together 2 of them to give them a collective name.

A
  • acromioclavicular
  • trapezoid
  • conoid
  • trapezoid and conoid make up coracoclavicular
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24
Q

Name the 2 arteries that supply the AC joint. Where does each artery arise from?

A

suprascapular artery-subclavian from thyrocervical trunk

thoraco-acromial artery -axillary artery

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25
Q

what 2 nerves innervate the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • lateral pectoral nerve

- suprascapular

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26
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

saddle

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27
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the SC joint covered with?

A

fibrocartilage

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28
Q

name the 4 major ligaments of the SC joint.

A

post and ant sternoclavicular
costoclavicular
interclavicular

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29
Q

what 2 arteries supply the SC joint?

A
  • internal thoracic artery

- suprascapular

30
Q

what 2 nerves supply the SC joint?

A
  • nerve to subclavius

- medial supraclavicular

31
Q

Name 5 movements that require the SC joint?

A

-elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation

32
Q

what are most synovial joints lined with?

A

hyaline cartilage

33
Q

what is the name of the fibrocartilage rim that surrounds the glenoid fossa to give the glenohumeral joint more stability?

A

glenoid labrum

34
Q

Name 2 bursae around the shoulder joint.

A
  • subacromial

- subscapular

35
Q

Name 4 ligaments associated with the glenohumeral joint and explain their salient functions.

A
  • transverse ligament-keeps long head of biceps tendon in intertubercular groove
  • coracoacromial-prevents superior displacement of humeral head
  • glenohumeral-stabilise anterior aspect of joint
  • coracohumeral
36
Q

what 2 arteries supply the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • posterior and anterior circumflex arteries

- suprascapular artery

37
Q

what 3 nerves innervate the joint and consequently because of their C5 and 6 origins, can be damaged by what injury?

A
  • axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerve

- erbs palsy

38
Q

what is the characteristic sign of rotator cuff tendonitis and what makes it worse?

A

painful arc

-pain in the middle of abduction

39
Q

what are the 3 articulations at the elbow joint?

A
  • trochlea of humerus and trochlea notch of ulna
  • capitulum of humerus and head of radius
  • olecrannon of ulna and olecrannon fossa of humerus
40
Q

Name 3 types of important bursa around the elbow joint and explain them.

A

intratendinous-within the tendon of the triceps brachii
subtendinous-between tendon of triceps and olecrannon
subcutaneous-between olecrannon and overlying connective tissue

41
Q

what type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

pivot

42
Q

what 2 bones are directly involved in supination and pronation?

A

radius

ulna

43
Q

what are the 2 role of the fibrocartilagenous ligament-the articular disk?

A
  • holds the radius and ulna together

- separates radioulnar joint from hand-SPECIFICALLY the ulna as it does not articulate with the carpel bones

44
Q

what are the 3 functions of the interosseous membrane which is made up of connective tissue?

A
  • transmit forces from radius to ulna
  • site of attachments for muscles
  • keeps radius and ulna together during pronation and supination
45
Q

what happens in a monteggia fracture?

A
  • force behind the ulna causes fracture of proximal shaft

- radius dislocates anteriorly at elbow

46
Q

what happens in a galaezzis fracture?

A
  • fracture of distal radius

- ulna dislocates at distal radio ulnar joint

47
Q

Name the 3 SPECIFIC branches of nerves that supply the radio carpal point.

A

radius-posterior interosseous branch
median-anterior interosseous branch
ulna-deep and dorsal branch

48
Q

Name the 4 ligaments of the radiocarpal joint.

A
  • palmar radiocarpal
  • dorsal radiocarpal
  • ulna collateral
  • radial collateral
49
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

ellipsoid/condyloid

50
Q

what can be caused from fracture of the scaphoid? where does the tenderness arise? what will the fracture increase likelihood of?

A

avascular necrosis
anatomical snuffbox
arthritis

51
Q

what carpal bone dislocates when falling on a dorsiflexed (extended) wrist? what syndrome occurs as a result?

A
  • lunate

- moves anteriorly and compresses contents of carpal tunnel=carpal tunnel syndrome

52
Q

what 3 things occur as a result of the lunate bone dislocation?

A
  • avascular necrosis
  • parasthesia (pins and needles) of sensory distribution in median nerve area
  • weakness of thenar muscles
53
Q

what artery does the right subclavian artery branch from?

A

brachiocephalic

54
Q

where does the left subclavian artery arise from?

A

directly from aorta

55
Q

where do the subclavian arteries become the axillary arteries?

A

lateral border of the first rib

56
Q

what arteries arise at the level of the humeral surgical neck?

A

anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

57
Q

At the level of the humeral surgical neck, what is the name of the largest branch of the axillary artery?

A

subscapular artery

58
Q

At what muscle does the axillary artery become the brachial?

A

teres major

59
Q

Although rare, what 3 things can cause an axillary artery aneurysm?

A
  • trauma
  • thoracic outlet syndrome
  • atherosclerosis
60
Q

what can an axillary artery aneurysm cause?

A
  • paresthesia

- muscle weakness

61
Q

what artery (branch of brachial) supplies the triceps brachii?

A

profunda brachii

62
Q

Where does the brachial artery terminate to become the radial and ulna arteries?

A
  • cubital fossa

- posterior to brachialis muscle

63
Q

which artery supplies the posterior forearm and which supplies anterior?

A

post=radial

ant=ulna

64
Q

The radial and ulna arteries anastomose in the hand to form the 2…

A
  • deep palmar arch

- superficial palmar arch

65
Q

what artery crosses the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

radial artery

66
Q

At the border of which muscle does the basillic vein go deep and join with the brachial veins to form the axillary vein? Why else is this muscle important?

A

teres major

-site at which axillary artery becomes brachial

67
Q

The cephalic vein enters the axilla region and terminates to become the axillary vein by moving between what two muscles?

A
  • deltoid

- pec major

68
Q

At the elbow, the cephalic and basillic veins are joined by what?

A

median cubital vein

69
Q

The deep brachial veins are situated either side of the brachial artery. What does this aid in? What is this structure known as?

A
  • pulsations from artery aid in venous return

- vena comitantes

70
Q

what veins connect the deep and superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

-perforating veins

71
Q

why is the median cubital vein used for venapuncture?

A
  • superficial at anterior part of elbow

- accessible

72
Q

what structures surround the jugular notch inferiorly and laterally?

A
  • lateral=sternal ends of clavicle

- inferior=manubrium of the sternum

MSK Anatomy (10 decks)

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