LOWER LIMB INJURIES Flashcards
What does valgus displacement mean?
Deviation away from the midline
What does varus displacement mean?
Displacement towards the midline
What is the main function of the lateral collateral ligament?
Restraint in varus angulation
Provides restraint with the MCL to axial rotation
When is the lateral collateral ligament tight?
During extension
What is the degree of external rotation that the knee allows?
About 10 degrees
What is in the first layer of the lateral structures of the knee?
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris
What is in the second layer of the lateral structures of the knee?
Patellar retinaculum
Patellofemoral ligament
What is in the third layer of the lateral structures of the knee? (Name 8 structures)
Lateral collateral ligament Fabellofibular ligament Lateral geniculate artery Arcuate ligament Coronary ligament Popliteus tendon Popliteo fibular ligament Capsule
What is in the first layer of the medial structures in the knee?
Sartorius
Patellar retinaculum
What is in the second layer of the medial structures in the knee?
Semimembranosus
Superficial medial collateral ligament
Posterior oblique ligament
What is in the third layer of the medial structures in the knee?
Deep MCL
Capsule
Coronary ligament
What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Resist anterolateral displacement of the tibia on the femur
What is the secondary function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Resist varus displacement at 0 degrees of flexion
What is the origin of the ACL?
Posteromedial corner of medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch.
What is the insertion of the ACL?
Anterior to the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia
What are the two bundles that make up the anterior cruciate ligament?
Anterior medial bundle
Posterior lateral bundle
What is the blood supply to the anterior cruciate ligament?
Medial geniculate artery
What is the nerve that innervates the ACL?
Articular branches of the tibial nerve
What is the collagen composition of the ACL?
90% type I
10% type III
What is the primary function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevent posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
Posterolateral rotatory instability
What is the secondary function of the PCL?
Resists varus displacement in 0 degrees of flexion
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?
Medial femoral condyle
Where does the PCL insert?
Tibial sulcus
Medial intercondylar ridge
(Finish this)
What are the two bundles that make up the posterior cruciate ligament?
Anterior lateral bundle
Posterior medial bundle
