LOWER LIMB INJURIES

Question 0

What does valgus displacement mean?

Answer 0

Deviation away from the midline

Question 1

What does varus displacement mean?

Answer 1

Displacement towards the midline

Question 2

What is the main function of the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 2

Restraint in varus angulation

Provides restraint with the MCL to axial rotation

Question 3

When is the lateral collateral ligament tight?

Answer 3

During extension

Question 4

What is the degree of external rotation that the knee allows?

Answer 4

About 10 degrees

Question 5

What is in the first layer of the lateral structures of the knee?

Answer 5

Iliotibial tract

Biceps femoris

Question 6

What is in the second layer of the lateral structures of the knee?

Answer 6

Patellar retinaculum

Patellofemoral ligament

Question 7

What is in the third layer of the lateral structures of the knee? (Name 8 structures)

Answer 7

Lateral collateral ligament
Fabellofibular ligament
Lateral geniculate artery
Arcuate ligament
Coronary ligament
Popliteus tendon
Popliteo fibular ligament
Capsule

Question 8

What is in the first layer of the medial structures in the knee?

Answer 8

Sartorius

Patellar retinaculum

Question 9

What is in the second layer of the medial structures in the knee?

Answer 9

Semimembranosus
Superficial medial collateral ligament
Posterior oblique ligament

Question 10

What is in the third layer of the medial structures in the knee?

Answer 10

Deep MCL
Capsule
Coronary ligament

Question 11

What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 11

Resist anterolateral displacement of the tibia on the femur

Question 12

What is the secondary function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 12

Resist varus displacement at 0 degrees of flexion

Question 13

What is the origin of the ACL?

Answer 13

Posteromedial corner of medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch.

Question 14

What is the insertion of the ACL?

Answer 14

Anterior to the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia

Question 15

What are the two bundles that make up the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 15

Anterior medial bundle

Posterior lateral bundle

Question 16

What is the blood supply to the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 16

Medial geniculate artery

Question 17

What is the nerve that innervates the ACL?

Answer 17

Articular branches of the tibial nerve

Question 18

What is the collagen composition of the ACL?

Answer 18

90% type I

10% type III

Question 19

What is the primary function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 19

Prevent posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
Posterolateral rotatory instability

Question 20

What is the secondary function of the PCL?

Answer 20

Resists varus displacement in 0 degrees of flexion

Question 21

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?

Answer 21

Medial femoral condyle

Question 23

Where does the PCL insert?

Answer 23

Tibial sulcus
Medial intercondylar ridge
(Finish this)

Question 24

What are the two bundles that make up the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 24

Anterior lateral bundle

Posterior medial bundle