LOWER LIMB ANATOMY Flashcards
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
L2, L3
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the femoral nerve?
L2, L3, L4
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the obturator nerve?
L2, L3, L4
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the superior gluteal nerve?
L4, L5, S1
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the sciatic nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5, S1, S2
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the pudendal nerve?
S2, S3, S4
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the tibial nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Which spinal nerve(s) make up the common fibular nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2
Which dermatome overlies the inguinal ligament?
L1
Which dermatome overlies the lateral side of the thigh?
L2
Which dermatome overlies the lower medial side of the thigh?
L3
Which dermatome overlies the medial side of the great toe?
L4
Which dermatome overlies the medial side of digit II?
L5
Which dermatome overlies the little toe?
S1
Which dermatome overlies the back of the thigh?
S2
Which dermatome overlies the gluteal fold?
S3
Which spinal nerve(s) are responsible for flexion of the hip?
L1, L2
Which spinal nerve(s) are responsible for extension of the knee?
L3, L4
Which spinal nerve(s) are responsible for flexion of the knee?
L5, S1, S2
Which spinal nerve(s) are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?
S1, S2
Which spinal nerve(s) are responsible for adduction of the digits?
S2, S3
Where does the piriformis originate?
Sacrum
Where does the piriformis insert?
Greater trochanter
Where does the gluteus medius originate?
Gluteal surface of ilium
Where does the gluteus medius insert?
Greater trochanter
Where does the gluteus minimus originate?
Gluteal surface of the ilium
Where does the gluteus minimus insert?
Greater trochanter
Where does the tensor fasciae latae originate?
Iliac crest
Where does the tensor fasciae latae insert?
Iliotibial tract
Which nerve supplies the tensor fasciae latae, the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimum?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Where does the gracilis originate?
Ischiopubic ramus
Where does the gracilis insert?
Tibia (pes anserinus)
Where does the adductor magnus originate?
Pubis and tuberosity of the ischium
Where does the adductor magnus insert?
Femur
Where does the adductor longus originate?
Pubic body
Where does the adductor longus insert?
Middle third of linea aspera
Where does the adductor brevis originate?
Inferior ramus
Body of pubis
Where does the adductor brevis insert?
Lesser trochanter
Linea aspera
Where does the obturator externus orginate?
External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Where does the obturator externus insert?
Trochanteric fossa
What nerve supplies the gracilis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis and obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Where does the psoas muscle originate?
Vertebral bodies T12-L5
Where does the psoas muscle insert?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Where does the iliacus originate?
Iliac fossa and sacrum
Where does the iliacus insert?
Tendon of the psoas (so into the lesser trochanter of the femur
Which nerve(s) supplies both the psoas and the iliacus?
L2, L3
Where does the rectus femoris originate?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Where does the rectus femoris insert?
Patella (and ligament of patella inserts into tibial tuberositiy
Where does the vastus lateralis originate?
Femur: intertrochanteric line, linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line
Where does the vastus lateralis insert?
Patella (and ligament of patella inserts into tibial tuberositiy
Where does the vastus medialis originate?
Femur: intertrochanteric line, linea aspera and medial supracondylar line
Where does the vastus medialis insert?
Patella (and ligament of patella inserts into tibial tuberositiy
Where does the vastus intermedius originate?
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
Where does the vastus intermedius insert?
Patella (and ligament of patella inserts into tibial tuberositiy
Which nerve supplies the rectus femurs, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Where does the sartorius originate?
Anterior superior iliac spine
Where does the sartorius insert?
Upper medial surface of the tibia
Where does the biceps femoris originate?
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: lower part of linea aspera
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
Head of the fibula
Which nerve supplies the sartorius muscle?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Where does the semitendinosus originate?
Ischial tuberosity
Where does the semitendinosus insert?
Medial surface of the tibia
Where does the semimembranosus originate?
Ischial tuberosity
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
Tibia, groove at the back of medial condyle
Which nerve supplies the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
Sciatic nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
Where does the popliteus originate?
Lateral condyle of the femur, inside capsule
Where does the popliteus insert?
Popliteal line on posterior surface of the tibia
Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
Lateral head: lateral epicondyle and lateral supracondylar line
Medial head: surface of femur above medial epicondyle
Where does the gastrocnemius insert?
Calcaneus
Where does the soleus originate?
Head and shaft of fibula and medial border of tibia
Where does the soleus insert?
Calcaneus
Where does the plantaris originate?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Where does the plantaris insert?
Calcaneus
Where does the tibialis posterior originate?
Interosseus membrane, head and shaft of fibula and medial shaft of tibia
Where does the tibialis posterior insert?
Tuberosity of navicular, medial cuneiform, and 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
Where does the flexor digitorum longus of the lower limb originate?
Posterior surface of the tibia
Where does the flexor digitorum longus of the lower limb insert?
Distal phalanx of toes 2-5
Where does the flexor hallucis longus originate?
Posterior surface of fibula
Where does the flexor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of great toe
Which nerve supplies the popliteus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
Where does the tibialis anterior originate?
Lateral surface of tibia
Where does the tibialis anterior insert?
Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
Where does the extensor digitorum longus of the lower limb originate?
Anterior surface of the fibula
Where does the extensor digitorum longus of the lower limb insert?
Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Where does the extensor hallucis originate?
Anterior surface of the fibula
Where does the extensor hallucis insert?
Terminal phalanx of great toe
Where does the peroneus longus originate?
Lateral aspect of fibula
Where does the peroneus longus insert?
Lateral aspect of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Where does the peroneus brevis originate?
Lateral aspect of fibula
Where does the peroneus brevis insert?
5th metatarsal on the perineal tubercle
Where does the peroneus tertius originate?
Anterior surface of fibula
Where does the peroneus tertius insert?
5th metatarsal
Which nerve supplies the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis and peroneus tertius?
Deep peroneal nerve
Which nerve supplies the peroneus longus and the peroneus brevis?
Superficial peroneal nerve
