Lower Limb Anatomy

Question 1

What does sciatic nerve supply?

Answer 1

Articular branches : Hip joint 
Muscular branches :
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris 
- part of adductor magnus 

Cutaneous sensation

• posterior aspect of thigh
• gluteal region
• entire lower leg (except the medical aspect)

Question 2

Which nerve damage will lead to Trendelenburg gait?

Answer 2

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 3

What structure lies posterior to the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

Iliacus

The femoral sheath lies anterior to the iliacus and pectineus muscles

Question 4

Which ligament contains the artery that supplies the head of femur in children?

Answer 4

Ligamentum teres

Question 5

What muscles insert on the medial or superomedial surface of the greater trochanter?

Answer 5

POGO:
Piriformis 
Obturator internus 
Gemelli 
Obturator externus 

Obturator femoris does not insert to greater trochanter.
It passes laterally to be inserted into the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

Question 6

What structure lies deepest in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 6

Popliteal artery

From superficial to deep:
The common peroneal nerve exits the popliteal fossa along the medial border of the biceps tendon. Then the tibial nerve lies lateral to the popliteal vessels to pass posteriorly and then medially to them. The popliteal vein lies superficial to the popliteal artery, which is the deepest structure in the fossa.

Question 7

What structure does not pass posteriorly to the medial malleolus?

Answer 7

Tibialis anterior tendon

Mnemonic for structures posterior to the medial malleolus:

Tom Dick And Nervous Harry

T ibialis posterior tendon
flexor Digitorum longus
A rtery
N erve
H allucis longus

Question 8

Which structure forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

Adductor longus

Question 9

The foramen marking the termination of adductor canal is located in which of the following?

Answer 9

Adductor magnus.

Question 10

What are the anterior compartment muscles?

Answer 10

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius 
Extensor hallucis longus 
Anterior tibial artery 

All the muscles are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve

Question 11

What nerve supplies the lateral aspect of the foot?

Answer 11

Sural nerve

It runs alongside the short saphenous vein and may be injured in short saphenous vein surgery.