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MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thigh?

A

Distal to the buttock.

comprised of 3 compartments

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2
Q

What is the Thigh covered in?

A

Deep Fascia

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3
Q

What are the key bony landmarks of the pelvis?

A
  • ASIS
  • AIIS
  • PSIS
  • Iliac Crest
  • Pubic Crest
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4
Q

What are the bony land marks of the proximal femur?

A
  • Greater trochanter
  • Medial and Lateral condyle of femur
  • Adductor tubercle
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5
Q

What is the origin of Psoas Major?

A

O - Lumbar Vertebra

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6
Q

What is the origin of Iliacus?

A

O - Iliac fossa

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7
Q

Lateral Hip Rotators

A

6 of them.
Deep to the glutes.
Greater trochanter to Sacrum.
All deep to sciatic nerve bar piriformis.

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion for Piriformis?

A

Greater trochanter to sacrum.

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9
Q

State origin and insertion for Quadratus Femoris?

A

Ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter.
(Assess via lateral rotation.
Lies under glutes)

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10
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

O - ASIS

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11
Q

Where does the Tensor Fascia Latae originate from?

A

O - ASIS

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12
Q

What does the ITB originate from?

A

O - TFL

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13
Q

Adductor Group

A 
5 muscles 
3 layers 
- Pectineus & adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor Magnus
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14
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Both Adductor and hamstring, which adduct the thigh.

adductor flexes and hamstring extends.

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15
Q

Adductor Brevis and Longus

A

Adduction of the thigh.

Brevis sits deep to longus.

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16
Q

Gracilis

A

Crosses the knee.

Adducts the thigh at hip, flexes the knee.

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17
Q

Where does the Rectus Femoris orginiate from?

A

O - AIIS

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18
Q

State the origin of Vastus Medialis?

A

O - medial lip of linea aspera

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19
Q

Vastus Lateralis origin?

A

O - Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter.

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20
Q

Origin of Vastus Intermedius?

A

O - Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur.

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21
Q

What is the origin of Gluteus Maximus?

A

O - Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest.

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22
Q

State the origin of Gluteus Medius?

A

O - Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below iliac crest.

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23
Q

Gluteus Minimus origin?

A

O - Gluteal surface of Ilium, between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

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24
Q

Lower leg bony landmarks

A
  • M/L condyle of tibia
  • Head of fibula
  • Tibial Tuberosity
  • Patella
  • M/L epicondyle
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25
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur to Head of Fibula

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26
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament

A

Medial epicondyle of femur to tibia.

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27
Q

Popliteus Fossa

A

Comprised of medial border of semimembranosus, medial border of bicep femoris, both heads of gastroc and planters.

contains popliteal artery, vein and the tibial nerve

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28
Q

State the origin of Gastrocnemius?

A

O - Condyles of femur

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29
Q

State origin of Soleus?

A

O - Soleal Line

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30
Q

Origin of Peroneal Longus?

A

O - head of fibula and proximal 2/3rds of lateral fibula.

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31
Q

State the origin of Peroneal Brevis?

A

O - Distal 2/3rds of lateral fibula.

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32
Q

What is the Insertion of Psoas Major?

A

I - Lesser Trochanter

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33
Q

What is the action of Psoas Major?

A

A - Hip Flexion

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34
Q

What is the insertion of Iliacus?

A

I - Lesser trochanter

35
Q

What is the action of Iliacus?

A

A - Hip flexion

36
Q

How do we test Piriformis?

A

Test - Lateral Rotation

37
Q

What is the insertion of Sartorius?

A

I - Pes Anserinus

38
Q

What is sartorius action?

A

A - Flexion and lateral rotation of the hip. Knee flexion.

39
Q

What does the TFL merge with to reach its insertion?

A

I - ITB

40
Q

What is the action of the TFL?

A

A - Flexion, internal rotation and abduction of the hip.

41
Q

How do we test TFL?

A

Test - internal rotation

42
Q

What’s the insertion for the ITB?

A

I - Lateral tibial plateau

43
Q

What is the insertion of the Rec Fem?

A

I - Quadriceps Tendon

44
Q

Principle actions of the Rec Fem?

A

A - Extends the knee and flexes the hip.

45
Q

Quadricep insertion?

A

I - Quadricep tendon

46
Q

What is the action of the 3 quadriceps that don’t cross the hip?

A

A - Extends knee

47
Q

Insertion of Glute Max?

A

I - ITB

48
Q

Principle action of glute max?

A

A - Extend, laterally rotate, abduct hip.

49
Q

What is the insertion of glute med?

A

I - Lateral aspect of greater trochanter.

50
Q

Action of Glute med?

A

A - Abducts hip.

51
Q

Insertion of glute min?

A

I - Anterior aspect of greater trochanter.

52
Q

Action of Glute min?

A

A - Abducts hip, medially rotate and flex hip.

53
Q

What is the insertion of gastroc?

A

I - Calcaneal tedon

54
Q

Action of gastroc?

A

A - flexes the knee, plantar flexes the ankle.

55
Q

How do we test gastroc?

A

Test - resisted plantar flexion.

56
Q

Insertion of soleus?

A

I - Calcaneal tendon

57
Q

What is the action of Soleus?

A

A - Plantar flex ankle.

58
Q

How do we test soleus?

A

Test - Knee flexed, resisted plantar flexion.

59
Q

State insertion of Peroneal longus?

A

I - base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

60
Q

What is the insertion of Peroneal Brevis?

A

I - tuberosity of 5th metatarsal.

61
Q

what is the tibialis anterior origin?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane

62
Q

Insertion of Tibialis anterior?

A

Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal.

63
Q

State the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot.

64
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin?

A

proximal portion of tibia (lateral) and proximal portion fibula, it is just lateral to Tib ant.

65
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Distal portion of phalanx 2-5

66
Q

tendons of extensor digitorum longus perform what action?

A

dorsiflex and evert the foot.

67
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

O: Medial, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

68
Q

State the insertion of Extensor Hallucis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of first toe.

69
Q

Tibialis posterior origin?

A

Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane.

70
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

A

Navicular, all 5 tarsals and bases of 2-4th metatarsals.

71
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin?

A

Middle, posterior surface of tibia

72
Q

State insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

73
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Middle half of posterior fibula.

74
Q

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of first toe.

75
Q

Extensor digitorem brevis origin?

A

Dorsal surface of calcaneous.

76
Q

State insertion of extensor digitorem brevis?

A

2nd-4th toes via longus tendons.

77
Q

Where is the sustentaculum tali?

A

medial aspect of ankle, palpate down from medial malleolus about 2cm, should then feel ridge.

78
Q

Where does the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament attach?

A

Sustentaculum tali

79
Q

What is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament also known as?

A

Spring ligament

80
Q

What other ligament attaches to the sustentaculm tali?

A

Tibiocalaneal ligament

81
Q

Where does the Anterior talofibular ligament attach?

A

Anterior margin of the fibular malleolus to the talus bone.

82
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament runs?

A

Tip of the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the lateral surface of the calcaneus.

83
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament runs?

A

Lateral malleolus of the fibula to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus

MSK Anatomy (5 decks)

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