Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards by AJW Sports Therapy

What is the thigh?

Distal to the buttock.

comprised of 3 compartments

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What is the Thigh covered in?

Deep Fascia

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What are the key bony landmarks of the pelvis?

ASIS
AIIS
PSIS
Iliac Crest
Pubic Crest

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What are the bony land marks of the proximal femur?

Greater trochanter
Medial and Lateral condyle of femur
Adductor tubercle

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What is the origin of Psoas Major?

O - Lumbar Vertebra

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What is the origin of Iliacus?

O - Iliac fossa

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Lateral Hip Rotators

6 of them.
Deep to the glutes.
Greater trochanter to Sacrum.
All deep to sciatic nerve bar piriformis.

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What is the origin and insertion for Piriformis?

Greater trochanter to sacrum.

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State origin and insertion for Quadratus Femoris?

Ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter.
(Assess via lateral rotation.
Lies under glutes)

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What is the origin of sartorius?

O - ASIS

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Where does the Tensor Fascia Latae originate from?

O - ASIS

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What does the ITB originate from?

O - TFL

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Adductor Group

5 muscles 
3 layers 
- Pectineus & adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor Magnus

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Adductor Magnus

Both Adductor and hamstring, which adduct the thigh.

adductor flexes and hamstring extends.

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Adductor Brevis and Longus

Adduction of the thigh.

Brevis sits deep to longus.

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Gracilis

Crosses the knee.

Adducts the thigh at hip, flexes the knee.

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Where does the Rectus Femoris orginiate from?

O - AIIS

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State the origin of Vastus Medialis?

O - medial lip of linea aspera

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Vastus Lateralis origin?

O - Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter.

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Origin of Vastus Intermedius?

O - Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur.

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What is the origin of Gluteus Maximus?

O - Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest.

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State the origin of Gluteus Medius?

O - Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below iliac crest.

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Gluteus Minimus origin?

O - Gluteal surface of Ilium, between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

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Lower leg bony landmarks

M/L condyle of tibia
Head of fibula
Tibial Tuberosity
Patella
M/L epicondyle

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Lateral Collateral Ligament

Lateral epicondyle of femur to Head of Fibula

Medial Collateral Ligament

Medial epicondyle of femur to tibia.

Popliteus Fossa

Comprised of medial border of semimembranosus, medial border of bicep femoris, both heads of gastroc and planters. contains popliteal artery, vein and the tibial nerve

State the origin of Gastrocnemius?

O - Condyles of femur

State origin of Soleus?

O - Soleal Line

Origin of Peroneal Longus?

O - head of fibula and proximal 2/3rds of lateral fibula.

State the origin of Peroneal Brevis?

O - Distal 2/3rds of lateral fibula.

What is the Insertion of Psoas Major?

I - Lesser Trochanter

What is the action of Psoas Major?

A - Hip Flexion

What is the insertion of Iliacus?

I - Lesser trochanter

What is the action of Iliacus?

A - Hip flexion

How do we test Piriformis?

Test - Lateral Rotation

What is the insertion of Sartorius?

I - Pes Anserinus

What is sartorius action?

A - Flexion and lateral rotation of the hip. Knee flexion.

What does the TFL merge with to reach its insertion?

I - ITB

What is the action of the TFL?

A - Flexion, internal rotation and abduction of the hip.

How do we test TFL?

Test - internal rotation

What's the insertion for the ITB?

I - Lateral tibial plateau

What is the insertion of the Rec Fem?

I - Quadriceps Tendon

Principle actions of the Rec Fem?

A - Extends the knee and flexes the hip.

Quadricep insertion?

I - Quadricep tendon

What is the action of the 3 quadriceps that don't cross the hip?

A - Extends knee

Insertion of Glute Max?

I - ITB

Principle action of glute max?

A - Extend, laterally rotate, abduct hip.

What is the insertion of glute med?

I - Lateral aspect of greater trochanter.

Action of Glute med?

A - Abducts hip.

Insertion of glute min?

I - Anterior aspect of greater trochanter.

Action of Glute min?

A - Abducts hip, medially rotate and flex hip.

What is the insertion of gastroc?

I - Calcaneal tedon

Action of gastroc?

A - flexes the knee, plantar flexes the ankle.

How do we test gastroc?

Test - resisted plantar flexion.

Insertion of soleus?

I - Calcaneal tendon

What is the action of Soleus?

A - Plantar flex ankle.

How do we test soleus?

Test - Knee flexed, resisted plantar flexion.

State insertion of Peroneal longus?

I - base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

What is the insertion of Peroneal Brevis?

I - tuberosity of 5th metatarsal.

what is the tibialis anterior origin?

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane

Insertion of Tibialis anterior?

Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal.

State the action of tibialis anterior?

Inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Extensor digitorum longus origin?

proximal portion of tibia (lateral) and proximal portion fibula, it is just lateral to Tib ant.

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

Distal portion of phalanx 2-5

tendons of extensor digitorum longus perform what action?

dorsiflex and evert the foot.

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

O: Medial, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

State the insertion of Extensor Hallucis longus?

Distal phalanx of first toe.

Tibialis posterior origin?

Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane.

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

Navicular, all 5 tarsals and bases of 2-4th metatarsals.

Flexor digitorum longus origin?

Middle, posterior surface of tibia

State insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

Middle half of posterior fibula.

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

Distal phalanx of first toe.

Extensor digitorem brevis origin?

Dorsal surface of calcaneous.

State insertion of extensor digitorem brevis?

2nd-4th toes via longus tendons.

Where is the sustentaculum tali?

medial aspect of ankle, palpate down from medial malleolus about 2cm, should then feel ridge.

Where does the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament attach?

Sustentaculum tali

What is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament also known as?

Spring ligament

What other ligament attaches to the sustentaculm tali?

Tibiocalaneal ligament

Where does the Anterior talofibular ligament attach?

Anterior margin of the fibular malleolus to the talus bone.

Calcaneofibular ligament runs?

Tip of the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the lateral surface of the calcaneus.

Posterior talofibular ligament runs?

Lateral malleolus of the fibula to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus