Back, Neck and Abdomen Flashcards
Skull bony anatomy
Nasal bones
Margins of orbit
Mandible
Look at bite
How do we palpate TMJ?
Anterior to external ear, in line with C2
What are the two Mastication Muscles?
Temporalis and Masseter
Origin of temporalis?
Temporal fossa and fascia
Insertion of temporalis?
Coronoid process of mandible, runs under the zygomatic arch
How to test the two Mastication muscles?
Ask patient to clench teeth
Origin of Masseter?
Zygomatic Arch
Insertion of Masseter?
Angle and ramus of mandible
Where is the External Occipital Protuberance?
Base of the skull, above a dip.
What is the name of the prominent bone behind the ears?
Mastoid Process
What attaches at the Mastoid process?
Sternocleidomastiod, splenius wapitis and longissimus capitis
How do we palpate the Transverse process of the cervical spine?
Feel hard lump, C1, then move caudally and in a lordotic path.
How many Cervical Vertebra are there?
7
How many Thoracic vertebra?
12
There are how many lumbar and sacral vertebra?
5
How do we palpate the Cervical spine?
Roll off the occipital protuberance.
Past the dip you land on C2.
Flex the neck and work down to C6/7.
How do we palpate the thoracic?
Continue down off Cervical.
T3 is inline with spine of scapula
T7/8 inline with inferior aspect of scapula
Lumbar spine palpation?
Come across from the iliac crest and you will be on L4.
Go down onto L5
How do we palpate the first rib?
Come of the upper trap and press down, there is the first rib. Often very tender.
What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastiod?
Superior portion of Manubruim, medial side of clavicle
state the insertion of sternocleidomastiod?
Mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line.
What is the action of SCM?
Neck flexion and rotation to opposite side.
What artery is medial to the SCM?
Carotid.
How do we palpate SCM?
Patient lying in prone, rotate and lift head.
Name the 3 Scalenes?
Anterior, Middle and Posterior
Where do the anterior and middle scalene insert?
First rib
Where does the posterior scalene insert?
Second Rib
State the origin of anterior scalene?
Transverse processes C3-C6
What is the origin of middle scalene?
Transverse processes of C2-C7
Origin of the posterior scalene?
Transverse processes of C6-C7
What is the insertion of posterior scalene?
Second Rib
What 3 muscles comprise the erector spinae?
iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis
What is the origin of the erector spinae?
Common tendon - attaches to posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar and T11 &T12
State the insertion of erector spinae?
Posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process.
What is the origin of the intercostals?
Inferior border of the rib above
What is the insertion of the intercostals?
Superior border of the rib below.
How do we palpate the intercostals?
Side lying, feel between the ribs.
What is the origin of the rectus abdominus?
Pubic crest and symphysis
State the insertion of rectus abdominus
Cartilage of 5th, 6th and 7th ribs and xiphoid process.
What is the origin of the external oblique?
External surface of 5th - 12th ribs
Insertion of the external oblique?
Anterior part of iliac crest, rectus sheath and lines alba.
How to test the external oblique?
Side crunch, side that is lifted.
State the origin of the internal obliques?
Lateral inguinal ligaments, iliac crest and theracolumar fascia.
What is the insertion of internal obliques?
Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, rectus sheath and linea alba.
How do we test the internal obliques?
Side crunch, side opposite to lifted.
What is the origin of the transverse abdominis?
Lateral inguinal ligaments, iliac crest, theracolumbar fascia and internal surface fo 6th-12th ribs.
What is the insertion of the transverse abdominis?
Rectus sheath on linea alba
What is the origin of the quadrates lumborum?
Posterior iliac crest
State the insertion of quadratus lumborum?
12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
How do we test the quadrates lumborum?
Hip hitch
