Lower Limb Flashcards
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4) Except hamstring part of adductor magnus- this is tibial nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Sciatic nerve
All tibial part except:
Except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular part of sciatic nerve)
What is the origin of biceps femoris (long head), semitendinosus and semimembrenosus?
Ischial tuberosity
Where does the biceps femoris (long and short head) insert?
Head of fibula
What is the role of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantar flexion
What is the role of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflexion
What is the role of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Foot eversion
What is the role of muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend knee
What is the role of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adduct thigh
Also flexes thigh and medially rotates
What is the role of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion at knee
Where do gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus insert?
Calcaneal tendon
What is the origin of each gastrocnemius head?
Medial head: Medial condyle of femur
Lat head: Lat condyle of femur
What is the origin of plantaris?
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
What is the origin of soleus?
Soleal line on tibia
What nerve innervates soleus?
Tibial nerve
Where do adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus (adductor part) insert?
Linea aspera on femur
Where do the muscles of the medial thigh compartment originate from?
Body/ inferior rami of pubis
Where do rectus femoris and the three vastus muscles insert?
Patella via quadriceps tendon
What is the origin and insertion of sartorius?
ASIS to sup/medial tibia
What is the origin and insertion of obturator externus?
Obturator foreamen to greater trochanter (femur)
What is the origin and insertion of semitendinosus?
Ischial tuberosity to medial surface of tibia
What is the origin and insertion of semimembrinosus?
Ischial tuberosity to medial tibial condyle
What is the origin and insertion of popliteus?
Post surface tibia to lateral femur condyle
What is the origin and insertion of tibialis posterior?
Interosseus membrane
to
Plantar side of medial tarsal bones
What is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior?
Lateral tibia
to
Medial cuniform bone
Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What nerve supplies the fibularis longus muscle?
Superficial fibula nerve
Where do 7 of the 8 gluteal muscles insert, which is the odd one out?
Attach on greater trochanter of femur
Quadratus femoris odd one out- goes to intertrochanteric crest
What is the origin and insertion of piriformis?
O: Ant sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
What nerve supplies the sup and inf gemelli?
Sup: Nerve to obturator internus
Inf: Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the origin and insertion of quadratus femoris?
From ischial tuberosity to quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric line femur
What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?
Lateral rotation and abduction of thigh
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
Extends and lat rotates the thigh
What is the action of gluteus medius/ minimus?
Abduct and medially rotate thigh
Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
Inf gluteal nerve
Which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?
Sup gluteal nerve
What is the origin and insertion of obturator internus?
From pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
to
Greater trochanter of femur
Where do all the tendons of the posterior leg compartment cross in the ankle?
Behind medial malleolus
Tom Dick and very nervous harry
(Tib post, flex Digitorum, (post tibial) Art, Vein, Nerve, flexor Hallicus)
Which nerve innervates iliacus?
Femoral nerve
Which are the two main hip flexor muscles (and there O/I’s)
Iliacus (wing of inner ilieum to lesser trochanter)
Psoas (L1-L5 to lesser trochanter)
Which artery supplies the lateral lower leg?
Fibular artery
What are the branches of the popliteal artery?
Ant tibial Post tibial (gives of fibular branch) then becomes dorsalis pedis once in foot
Which artery supplies the head and neck of the femur?
Medial circumflex artery (from femoral)
In break of femur (at neck) this one usually damaged
The extensor and flexor hallicus muscles both originate from which bone?
Fibula
Which nerve innervates popliteus?
Tibial
What are the origins and insertions of the adductor longus, brevis and magnus muscles?
O: Inf ramus and body of pubis
I: Linea aspera
What are the origins of vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis?
Medialis: From medial femur
Intermedius: From ant femur
Lateralis: From greater trochanter of femur
In which directions do the greater and lesser trochanters point in the femur?
Greater: Projects laterally (and sup)
Lesser: projects posteriorly (and inf)
What is the origin and insertion of gracilis?
O: Body of pubis
I: Medial tibia
Where do obturator internus and externus insert?
Greater trochanter of femur
What is the origin of the short head of biceps femoris?
Linea aspera
What is the insertation of semitendinosus and semimembrenosus?
Medial tibial condyle
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal?
After the adductor hiatus
What are the shapes of the two menisci?
Lat: Circular
Med: C shaped
From lateral to medial what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery (deepest)
What forms the floor and roof of the popliteal fossa?
Floor: Post knee capsule
Roof: Fascia and skin
What forms the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembrenosus
What forms the superior lateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
What forms the infromedial and infrolateral borders of the popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius (med and lat heads)
Name the 4 ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Lateral collateral
Medial collateral
