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Semester 3 (M+M) > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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2
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Except hamstring part of adductor magnus- this is tibial nerve
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6
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve
All tibial part except:
Except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular part of sciatic nerve)

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7
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris (long head), semitendinosus and semimembrenosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

Where does the biceps femoris (long and short head) insert?

A

Head of fibula

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9
Q

What is the role of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantar flexion

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10
Q

What is the role of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion

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11
Q

What is the role of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Foot eversion

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12
Q

What is the role of muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extend knee

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13
Q

What is the role of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduct thigh

Also flexes thigh and medially rotates

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14
Q

What is the role of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion at knee

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15
Q

Where do gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus insert?

A

Calcaneal tendon

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16
Q

What is the origin of each gastrocnemius head?

A

Medial head: Medial condyle of femur

Lat head: Lat condyle of femur

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17
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

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18
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Soleal line on tibia

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19
Q

What nerve innervates soleus?

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

Where do adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus (adductor part) insert?

A

Linea aspera on femur

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21
Q

Where do the muscles of the medial thigh compartment originate from?

A

Body/ inferior rami of pubis

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22
Q

Where do rectus femoris and the three vastus muscles insert?

A

Patella via quadriceps tendon

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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of sartorius?

A

ASIS to sup/medial tibia

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of obturator externus?

A

Obturator foreamen to greater trochanter (femur)

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity to medial surface of tibia

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semimembrinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity to medial tibial condyle

27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of popliteus?

A

Post surface tibia to lateral femur condyle

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Interosseus membrane
to
Plantar side of medial tarsal bones

29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral tibia
to
Medial cuniform bone

30
Q

Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

31
Q

What nerve supplies the fibularis longus muscle?

A

Superficial fibula nerve

32
Q

Where do 7 of the 8 gluteal muscles insert, which is the odd one out?

A

Attach on greater trochanter of femur

Quadratus femoris odd one out- goes to intertrochanteric crest

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of piriformis?

A

O: Ant sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur

34
Q

What nerve supplies the sup and inf gemelli?

A

Sup: Nerve to obturator internus
Inf: Nerve to quadratus femoris

35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

From ischial tuberosity to quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric line femur

36
Q

What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction of thigh

37
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

Extends and lat rotates the thigh

38
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius/ minimus?

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

39
Q

Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?

A

Inf gluteal nerve

40
Q

Which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Sup gluteal nerve

41
Q

What is the origin and insertion of obturator internus?

A

From pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
to
Greater trochanter of femur

42
Q

Where do all the tendons of the posterior leg compartment cross in the ankle?

A

Behind medial malleolus
Tom Dick and very nervous harry
(Tib post, flex Digitorum, (post tibial) Art, Vein, Nerve, flexor Hallicus)

43
Q

Which nerve innervates iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

44
Q

Which are the two main hip flexor muscles (and there O/I’s)

A

Iliacus (wing of inner ilieum to lesser trochanter)

Psoas (L1-L5 to lesser trochanter)

45
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral lower leg?

A

Fibular artery

46
Q

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

A 
Ant tibial 
Post tibial (gives of fibular branch) then becomes dorsalis pedis once in foot
47
Q

Which artery supplies the head and neck of the femur?

A

Medial circumflex artery (from femoral)

In break of femur (at neck) this one usually damaged

48
Q

The extensor and flexor hallicus muscles both originate from which bone?

A

Fibula

49
Q

Which nerve innervates popliteus?

A

Tibial

50
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the adductor longus, brevis and magnus muscles?

A

O: Inf ramus and body of pubis
I: Linea aspera

51
Q

What are the origins of vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis?

A

Medialis: From medial femur
Intermedius: From ant femur
Lateralis: From greater trochanter of femur

52
Q

In which directions do the greater and lesser trochanters point in the femur?

A

Greater: Projects laterally (and sup)
Lesser: projects posteriorly (and inf)

53
Q

What is the origin and insertion of gracilis?

A

O: Body of pubis
I: Medial tibia

54
Q

Where do obturator internus and externus insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

55
Q

What is the origin of the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Linea aspera

56
Q

What is the insertation of semitendinosus and semimembrenosus?

A

Medial tibial condyle

57
Q

Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal?

A

After the adductor hiatus

58
Q

What are the shapes of the two menisci?

A

Lat: Circular
Med: C shaped

59
Q

From lateral to medial what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery (deepest)

60
Q

What forms the floor and roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Floor: Post knee capsule
Roof: Fascia and skin

61
Q

What forms the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembrenosus

62
Q

What forms the superior lateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

63
Q

What forms the infromedial and infrolateral borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius (med and lat heads)

64
Q

Name the 4 ligaments of the knee?

A

Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Lateral collateral
Medial collateral

Semester 3 (M+M) (16 decks)

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