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Semester 3 (M+M) > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial (CN VII)

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Sup laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal arch never develops?

A

5th

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7
Q

Where does CN I enter the skull?

A

Foreamina of the Cribiform plate in ethmoid bone

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8
Q

What is the embryological origin of CN I?

A

Embryonic nasal placode

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9
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN I?

A

Olfactory bulbs (ant cranial fossa)

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10
Q

What is olfactory mucosa?

A

Made of olfactory epithelium and underlying lamina propria (connective tissue with BV’s). The mucus protects epithelium and allows odours to dissolve for detection

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11
Q

What is the origin of CN II?

A

Ganglion cells in retina

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12
Q

Where does CN II exit the skull?

A

Through optic canal (into middle cranial fossa)

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13
Q

Describe the course of CN II

A

Ganglion cells > optic canal > optic chiasm > optic tract > LGN > visual cortex

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14
Q

Where is the termination of CN II?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus (in thalamus)

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15
Q

What tests can be done to test CN II?

A 
Visual acuity (Snellen)
Assess visual fields (Move wagging finger)
Asses pupillary light reflex- both should constrict when one eye stimulated
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16
Q

What are the efferent muscles supplied by CN III?

A

Med/ Sup/ Inf Rectus
Inf oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris

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17
Q

What autonomic supply is provided by CN III?

A

Sphincter pupillae
Cilliary muscles
(Both PNS- Ciliary ganglion)

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18
Q

Where does CN III originate?

A

Ant surface brainstem (between mid brain and pons)

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19
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN III?

A

Occulomotor nucleus

Eidinger-westphal nucleus

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20
Q

Where does CN III exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissue

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of CN III, where do they split?

A

Superior: Sup rectus and LPS
Inferior: Med/ inf rectus + inf oblique + ciliary muscles + sphincter pupillae

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22
Q

What is the course of CN III?

A

From midbrain, along lateral wall of cavernosus sinus, into orbit through SOF (then splits into sup and inf divisions)

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23
Q

How do you test CN III?

A 
Draw H with finger, check P can follow
Check accommodation (pupils constrict) 
Test pupil constriction
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24
Q

What is controlled by CN IV?

A

Superior oblique muscle

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25
Q

Where does CN IV originate?

A

From post brainstem (just below inf colliculus)

ONLY CN TO EMERGE POST

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26
Q

Where does CN IV leave the skull?

A

Sup orbital fissure

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27
Q

What nucleus is associated with CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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28
Q

How do you test CN IV?

A

Ask P to look out and down

Ask if experiencing diplopia

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29
Q

What is the course of CN IV?

A

Passes round to ant brainstem, goes along inf surface of tentorium cerebeli (seperates cerebellum and occipital lobe), then along lateral wall of cavernous sinus

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30
Q

What are the afferent components of CN V?

A

Sensory from face, mouth, nasal cavity, dura mater, part of EAM
Sensation (not taste) from ant 2/3 tongue

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31
Q

What are the efferent components of CN V?

A

Mastication (temporalis, massester, med/ lat pterygoid)
Tensory tympani and tensor veli palatini
Ant belly diagastric
Mylohyoid

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32
Q

What are the autonomic components of CN V?

A

Lacrimal gland (from opthalmic V1 branch)

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33
Q

Where does CN V originate?

A

From ant/ lat surface of pons

Large sensory root, small motor root

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34
Q

What are the three branches of CN V?

A

VI- Opthalmic (sensory)
V2- Maxillry (sensory)
V3- Mandibular (sensory and motor)

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35
Q

Where do each of the CN V branches exit the skull?

A

V1- Opthalmic (Sup orbital fissure)
V2- Maxillary (Foreamen rotundum)
V3- Mandibular (Foreamen ovale)

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36
Q

What ganglion is associated with CN V?

A

Trigeminal ganglion in trigeminal depression (petrous part of temporal bone)

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37
Q

What tests could be done for CN V?

A

Test sensation in all three (V1/2/3) areas of the face

Test muscles of mastication

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38
Q

What are the three branches of the opthalmic (V1) nerve?

A

Frontal- skin of forehead/ upper eyelid/ frontal sinus
Lacrimal- to lacrimal gland
Nasociliary- Ciliary muscles and cornea
(ALL SENSORY)

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39
Q

What is supplied by CN VI?

A

Lateral rectus

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40
Q

What is the origin and nucleus of CN VI?

A

Ant brain stem at pontomedullary junction

Abducens nucleus

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41
Q

Where does CN VI exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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42
Q

What tests could be done for CN VI?

A

Test lateral gaze

Ask if P experienced diplopia

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43
Q

What is the course of CN VI?

A

From ant brainstem, pierces dura covering the clivus, travels up in dural canal, crosses petrous temporal bone and cavernosus sinus into SOF

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44
Q

What is the afferent component of CN VII?

A

Taste from ant 2/3 tongue

Sensation from posterior external ear

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45
Q

What is the efferent component of CN VII?

A

Muscles of face

Stapedis, post belly diagastric and stylohyoid

46
Q

What are the autonomic components of CN VII?

A

PNS to lacriaml gland, submandibular and sublingual glands, mucous membranes of nasal cavity and hard + soft palate

47
Q

Where is the origin of CN VII?

A

Lateral brainstem at pontomedullary junction

48
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN VII?

A

Facial motor
Trigeminal (for general sensation)
Solitary nucleus (for taste sensation)

49
Q

What is the course of CN VII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus, enlarges into the geniculate ganglion, splits into it’s branches in the parotid gland and leaves skull through stylomastoid foreamen

50
Q

How could you test CN VII?

A

Taste on ant 2/3 tongue
Saliva and tear production
Facial expression (raise eyebrows, scrunch eyes, blow out cheeks, purse lips, smile and show teeth)

51
Q

What are the three intercranial branches of CN VII?

A

Greater petrosal- PNS to nasal/ palatine/ lacrimal glands
Nerve to stapedius- Motor to stapedius
Chorda tympani- Taste ant 2/3 tongue + PNS to submandibular/ sublingual glands

52
Q

What are the extracranial branches of CN VII?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

53
Q

What are the components of CN VIII?

A

Balance and hearing

54
Q

Where is the origin of CN VIII?

A

Lateral brainstem at pontomedullary junction

55
Q

What is the course of CN VIII?

A

Crosses post cranial fossa and two divisions join in the petrous part of the temporal bone then leave skull through IAM

56
Q

Where does CN VIII exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

57
Q

What is the embryological origin of CN VIII?

A

Otic placode

58
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN VIII?

A

Vestibular- Balance

Cochlear- Hearing

59
Q

What ganglia are associated with CN VIII?

A

Spiral (cochlear) ganglion in central axis of cochlear

60
Q

What tests could be done to assess CN VIII?

A

Hearing test (Whisper in ear 66/99)
Weber and rinne
Walk on spot with eyes closed (vestibular)

61
Q

What are the afferent components of CN IX?

A

Sensory from carotid, oropharynx, palatine tonsils, middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube
Taste from post 1/3 of tongue

62
Q

What are the efferent components of CN IX?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

63
Q

Where does CN IX originate?

A

Several rootlets on ant/ lat medulla (rootlets merge in jugular foreamen)

64
Q

Where does CN IX exit the skull?

A

Jugular foreamen

65
Q

How could you test CN IX?

A

Taste on post 1/3 of tongue
Test gag reflex
Ask about dry mouth (saliva production)

66
Q

What are the afferent components of CN X?

A

Larynx/ laryngopharynx/ oesophagus/ epiglottis
Aortic chemo/ baroreceptors
Lungs/ heart/ abdo viscera

67
Q

What are the efferent components of CN X?

A 
Palatoglossus (tongue)
Soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
Larynx and pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
68
Q

What are the autonomic components of CN X?

A

PNS to pharynx/ larynx

PNS to thoracic/ abdo viscera

69
Q

Where does CN X originate?

A

Rootlets on ant/ lat medulla (Just inf to those of CN IX)

70
Q

Where does CN X exit the skull?

A

Jugular foreamen

71
Q

Which two branches of CN X supply areas in the pharynx?

A 
Sup laryngeal (internal laryngeal branch)- Above vocal cords
Sup laryngeal (external laryngeal branch)- Vocal chords
Recurrrent laryngeal- All intrinsic larynx muscles
72
Q

What is the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Split from CN X at aortic arch
L goes under arch and up
R goes straight back up

73
Q

How could you test CN X?

A

Assess speech/ cough
Assess swallowing/ uvula deviation
Assess gag relex
Ask about heart/ GI symptoms

74
Q

What is supplied by CN XI?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

75
Q

What is the origin of CN XI?

A

C1-C5

technically its a spinal accessory nerve

76
Q

What is the course of CN XI?

A

Enters skull through foreamen magnum
Goes through post cranial fossa
Leaves skull again through jugular foreamen

77
Q

What nuclei are assocaited with CN XI?

A

Spinal accesory nucleus

Nucleus ambiguens

78
Q

What tests can be done for CN XI?

A

SCM- Turn head against pressure

Trapezius- Shrug shoulders against pressure

79
Q

What happens to the cranial component of CN XI?

A

It joins the vagus nerve (CN X)

80
Q

What is supplied by CN XII?

A 
All intrinsic (sup/ inf longitudinal + transversus + verticalis) 
and most extrinsic (genioglossus/ styloglossus/ hyoglossus) muscles of tongue
81
Q

Which is the only tongue muscle not supplied by CN XII?

A

Palatoglossus (done by CN X)

82
Q

What is the origin of CN XII?

A

Rootlets on ant surface of medulla

83
Q

Where does CN XII leave the skull?

A

Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone

84
Q

What nucleus is associated with CN XII?

A

Hypoglosal nucleus

85
Q

How can you test CN XII?

A

Test tongue movements

Press tongue on inside of cheek against resistance

86
Q

Which nerve does taste innervation of the post 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

87
Q

Which nerve does taste innervation on the ant 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Facial (CN VII)

88
Q

Which nerve does general sensation (not taste) from the ant 2/3 tongue?

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

89
Q

Which nerve does general sensation from the post 1/3 tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

90
Q

Which cranial nerves have autonomic components?

A

1973 (Vagus, Glossopharynheal, Facial and Occulomotor)

91
Q

What pneumonic aids in remembering whether CN’s are sensory or motor?

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more

92
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)

93
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)

94
Q

Which is the only branch of the trigeminal nerve with motor component?

A

V3- Mandibular

95
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the stapedius muscle?

A

Facial (CN VII)

96
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial (CN VII)

97
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies post belly diagastric?

A

Facial (CN VII)

98
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

PNS

99
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies stylopharyngeus?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

100
Q

What are the autonomic components of CN IX?

A

PNS to parotid gland

101
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies PNS innervation to the pharynx and larynx?

A

Vagus (CN X)

102
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the larynx?

A

Vagus (CN X)

103
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies palatoglossus?

A

Vagus (CN X)

104
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies all the larynx and pharynx? (Except stylopharyngeus)

A

Vagus (CN X)

105
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)?

A

Vagus (CN X)

106
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the mouth?

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

107
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the dura mater?

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

108
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the oropharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

109
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the middle ear and eustacian tube?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

110
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the oesophagus and epiglottis?

A

Vagus (CN X)

Semester 3 (M+M) (16 decks)

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