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Semester 3 (M+M) > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial (CN VII)

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Sup laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal arch never develops?

A

5th

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7
Q

Where does CN I enter the skull?

A

Foreamina of the Cribiform plate in ethmoid bone

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8
Q

What is the embryological origin of CN I?

A

Embryonic nasal placode

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9
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN I?

A

Olfactory bulbs (ant cranial fossa)

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10
Q

What is olfactory mucosa?

A

Made of olfactory epithelium and underlying lamina propria (connective tissue with BV’s). The mucus protects epithelium and allows odours to dissolve for detection

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11
Q

What is the origin of CN II?

A

Ganglion cells in retina

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12
Q

Where does CN II exit the skull?

A

Through optic canal (into middle cranial fossa)

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13
Q

Describe the course of CN II

A

Ganglion cells > optic canal > optic chiasm > optic tract > LGN > visual cortex

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14
Q

Where is the termination of CN II?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus (in thalamus)

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15
Q

What tests can be done to test CN II?

A 
Visual acuity (Snellen)
Assess visual fields (Move wagging finger)
Asses pupillary light reflex- both should constrict when one eye stimulated
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16
Q

What are the efferent muscles supplied by CN III?

A

Med/ Sup/ Inf Rectus
Inf oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris

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17
Q

What autonomic supply is provided by CN III?

A

Sphincter pupillae
Cilliary muscles
(Both PNS- Ciliary ganglion)

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18
Q

Where does CN III originate?

A

Ant surface brainstem (between mid brain and pons)

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19
Q

What nuclei are associated with CN III?

A

Occulomotor nucleus

Eidinger-westphal nucleus

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20
Q

Where does CN III exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissue

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of CN III, where do they split?

A

Superior: Sup rectus and LPS
Inferior: Med/ inf rectus + inf oblique + ciliary muscles + sphincter pupillae

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22
Q

What is the course of CN III?

A

From midbrain, along lateral wall of cavernosus sinus, into orbit through SOF (then splits into sup and inf divisions)

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23
Q

How do you test CN III?

A 
Draw H with finger, check P can follow
Check accommodation (pupils constrict) 
Test pupil constriction
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24
Q

What is controlled by CN IV?

A

Superior oblique muscle

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25
Where does CN IV originate?
From post brainstem (just below inf colliculus) | ONLY CN TO EMERGE POST
26
Where does CN IV leave the skull?
Sup orbital fissure
27
What nucleus is associated with CN IV?
Trochlear
28
How do you test CN IV?
Ask P to look out and down | Ask if experiencing diplopia
29
What is the course of CN IV?
Passes round to ant brainstem, goes along inf surface of tentorium cerebeli (seperates cerebellum and occipital lobe), then along lateral wall of cavernous sinus
30
What are the afferent components of CN V?
Sensory from face, mouth, nasal cavity, dura mater, part of EAM Sensation (not taste) from ant 2/3 tongue
31
What are the efferent components of CN V?
Mastication (temporalis, massester, med/ lat pterygoid) Tensory tympani and tensor veli palatini Ant belly diagastric Mylohyoid
32
What are the autonomic components of CN V?
Lacrimal gland (from opthalmic V1 branch)
33
Where does CN V originate?
From ant/ lat surface of pons | Large sensory root, small motor root
34
What are the three branches of CN V?
VI- Opthalmic (sensory) V2- Maxillry (sensory) V3- Mandibular (sensory and motor)
35
Where do each of the CN V branches exit the skull?
V1- Opthalmic (Sup orbital fissure) V2- Maxillary (Foreamen rotundum) V3- Mandibular (Foreamen ovale)
36
What ganglion is associated with CN V?
Trigeminal ganglion in trigeminal depression (petrous part of temporal bone)
37
What tests could be done for CN V?
Test sensation in all three (V1/2/3) areas of the face | Test muscles of mastication
38
What are the three branches of the opthalmic (V1) nerve?
Frontal- skin of forehead/ upper eyelid/ frontal sinus Lacrimal- to lacrimal gland Nasociliary- Ciliary muscles and cornea (ALL SENSORY)
39
What is supplied by CN VI?
Lateral rectus
40
What is the origin and nucleus of CN VI?
Ant brain stem at pontomedullary junction | Abducens nucleus
41
Where does CN VI exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure
42
What tests could be done for CN VI?
Test lateral gaze | Ask if P experienced diplopia
43
What is the course of CN VI?
From ant brainstem, pierces dura covering the clivus, travels up in dural canal, crosses petrous temporal bone and cavernosus sinus into SOF
44
What is the afferent component of CN VII?
Taste from ant 2/3 tongue | Sensation from posterior external ear
45
What is the efferent component of CN VII?
Muscles of face | Stapedis, post belly diagastric and stylohyoid
46
What are the autonomic components of CN VII?
PNS to lacriaml gland, submandibular and sublingual glands, mucous membranes of nasal cavity and hard + soft palate
47
Where is the origin of CN VII?
Lateral brainstem at pontomedullary junction
48
What nuclei are associated with CN VII?
Facial motor Trigeminal (for general sensation) Solitary nucleus (for taste sensation)
49
What is the course of CN VII?
Internal acoustic meatus, enlarges into the geniculate ganglion, splits into it's branches in the parotid gland and leaves skull through stylomastoid foreamen
50
How could you test CN VII?
Taste on ant 2/3 tongue Saliva and tear production Facial expression (raise eyebrows, scrunch eyes, blow out cheeks, purse lips, smile and show teeth)
51
What are the three intercranial branches of CN VII?
Greater petrosal- PNS to nasal/ palatine/ lacrimal glands Nerve to stapedius- Motor to stapedius Chorda tympani- Taste ant 2/3 tongue + PNS to submandibular/ sublingual glands
52
What are the extracranial branches of CN VII?
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
53
What are the components of CN VIII?
Balance and hearing
54
Where is the origin of CN VIII?
Lateral brainstem at pontomedullary junction
55
What is the course of CN VIII?
Crosses post cranial fossa and two divisions join in the petrous part of the temporal bone then leave skull through IAM
56
Where does CN VIII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus
57
What is the embryological origin of CN VIII?
Otic placode
58
What nuclei are associated with CN VIII?
Vestibular- Balance | Cochlear- Hearing
59
What ganglia are associated with CN VIII?
Spiral (cochlear) ganglion in central axis of cochlear
60
What tests could be done to assess CN VIII?
Hearing test (Whisper in ear 66/99) Weber and rinne Walk on spot with eyes closed (vestibular)
61
What are the afferent components of CN IX?
Sensory from carotid, oropharynx, palatine tonsils, middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube Taste from post 1/3 of tongue
62
What are the efferent components of CN IX?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
63
Where does CN IX originate?
Several rootlets on ant/ lat medulla (rootlets merge in jugular foreamen)
64
Where does CN IX exit the skull?
Jugular foreamen
65
How could you test CN IX?
Taste on post 1/3 of tongue Test gag reflex Ask about dry mouth (saliva production)
66
What are the afferent components of CN X?
Larynx/ laryngopharynx/ oesophagus/ epiglottis Aortic chemo/ baroreceptors Lungs/ heart/ abdo viscera
67
What are the efferent components of CN X?
``` Palatoglossus (tongue) Soft palate (except tensor veli palatini) Larynx and pharynx (except stylopharyngeus) ```
68
What are the autonomic components of CN X?
PNS to pharynx/ larynx | PNS to thoracic/ abdo viscera
69
Where does CN X originate?
Rootlets on ant/ lat medulla (Just inf to those of CN IX)
70
Where does CN X exit the skull?
Jugular foreamen
71
Which two branches of CN X supply areas in the pharynx?
``` Sup laryngeal (internal laryngeal branch)- Above vocal cords Sup laryngeal (external laryngeal branch)- Vocal chords Recurrrent laryngeal- All intrinsic larynx muscles ```
72
What is the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Split from CN X at aortic arch L goes under arch and up R goes straight back up
73
How could you test CN X?
Assess speech/ cough Assess swallowing/ uvula deviation Assess gag relex Ask about heart/ GI symptoms
74
What is supplied by CN XI?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
75
What is the origin of CN XI?
C1-C5 | technically its a spinal accessory nerve
76
What is the course of CN XI?
Enters skull through foreamen magnum Goes through post cranial fossa Leaves skull again through jugular foreamen
77
What nuclei are assocaited with CN XI?
Spinal accesory nucleus | Nucleus ambiguens
78
What tests can be done for CN XI?
SCM- Turn head against pressure | Trapezius- Shrug shoulders against pressure
79
What happens to the cranial component of CN XI?
It joins the vagus nerve (CN X)
80
What is supplied by CN XII?
``` All intrinsic (sup/ inf longitudinal + transversus + verticalis) and most extrinsic (genioglossus/ styloglossus/ hyoglossus) muscles of tongue ```
81
Which is the only tongue muscle not supplied by CN XII?
Palatoglossus (done by CN X)
82
What is the origin of CN XII?
Rootlets on ant surface of medulla
83
Where does CN XII leave the skull?
Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone
84
What nucleus is associated with CN XII?
Hypoglosal nucleus
85
How can you test CN XII?
Test tongue movements | Press tongue on inside of cheek against resistance
86
Which nerve does taste innervation of the post 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
87
Which nerve does taste innervation on the ant 2/3 of the tongue?
Facial (CN VII)
88
Which nerve does general sensation (not taste) from the ant 2/3 tongue?
Trigeminal (CN V)
89
Which nerve does general sensation from the post 1/3 tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
90
Which cranial nerves have autonomic components?
1973 (Vagus, Glossopharynheal, Facial and Occulomotor)
91
What pneumonic aids in remembering whether CN's are sensory or motor?
Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more
92
Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)
93
Which cranial nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle?
Trigeminal (V3- Mandibular)
94
Which is the only branch of the trigeminal nerve with motor component?
V3- Mandibular
95
Which cranial nerve supplies the stapedius muscle?
Facial (CN VII)
96
Which cranial nerve supplies the stylohyoid muscle?
Facial (CN VII)
97
Which cranial nerve supplies post belly diagastric?
Facial (CN VII)
98
Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) | PNS
99
Which cranial nerve supplies stylopharyngeus?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
100
What are the autonomic components of CN IX?
PNS to parotid gland
101
Which cranial nerve supplies PNS innervation to the pharynx and larynx?
Vagus (CN X)
102
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the larynx?
Vagus (CN X)
103
Which cranial nerve supplies palatoglossus?
Vagus (CN X)
104
Which cranial nerve supplies all the larynx and pharynx? (Except stylopharyngeus)
Vagus (CN X)
105
Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)?
Vagus (CN X)
106
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the mouth?
Trigeminal (CN V)
107
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the dura mater?
Trigeminal (CN V)
108
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the oropharynx?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
109
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the middle ear and eustacian tube?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
110
Which cranial nerve provides sensory info from the oesophagus and epiglottis?
Vagus (CN X)

Semester 3 (M+M) (16 decks)

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