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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What provides cutaneous sensory to the lateral thigh? Intermediate and medial cutaneous?

A

Lateral: ventral rami of L2,3

Inter/Medial: femoral nerve

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2
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and what muscles are in the ITB?

A

O: Iliac crest
I: lateral condyle of tibia
Muscles: TFL and Gluteus maximus

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3
Q

What nerves cause the patellar ligament reflex?

A

L2,3,4

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4
Q

What four muscles make up the Quadriceps Tendon?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus medialis
  3. vastus lateralis
  4. vastus intermedius
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5
Q

What makes up the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Superior: inguinal ligament
  • Medial: lateral border of adductor
  • Lateral: medial border of sartorius
  • Floor: adductor longus, pectineus, psoas major, iliacus
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6
Q

What are the root values of the femoral nerve?

A

Posterior Division, Ventral Rami of L2,3,4

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7
Q

What are the branches of the femoral nerve?

A

Femoral
A. Anterior- ant. medial cutaneous, ant. intermediate cutaneous, branch to sartorius
B. Posterior- saphenous nerve, supply to quadratus femoris

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8
Q

Posterior division of femoral nerve supplies two joints. What are they?

A

Hip and knee.

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9
Q

What are the three branches of the deep femoral artery?

A
  1. Medial Circumflex
  2. Lateral Circumflex
  3. Four Perforating Arteries (Deep Femoral ends as 4th Perforating)
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10
Q

Why are the 4 perforating arteries important?

A

They are the only blood supply to the back of the thigh.

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11
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

A
  1. Superficial External Iliac
  2. Superficial External Pudendal
  3. Superficial Epigastric
  4. Deep External Pudendal
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12
Q

What do the three compartments of the femoral sheath contain?

A
  1. Femoral Artery
  2. Femoral Vein
  3. Femoral Canal

This is a common site of herniation

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13
Q

What is in the Adductor Canal (aka, subsartorial canal or hunter’s canal)?

A

Femoral Artery and Vein, Nerve to vastus medialis and saphenous nerve

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14
Q

What lies in front and behind of adductor brevis?

A

Front: anterior division of obturator
Behind: posterior division of obturator

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15
Q

Adductor Magnus has how many parts?

A
  1. Hamstring Part: ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line.
  2. Adductor Part: attached at inferior ischial ramus and inserts at linea aspera and medial supracondylar line
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16
Q

What innervates the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part- posterior division of obturator nerve

Hamstring part- tibial part of sciatic nerve

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17
Q

What innervates the obturator externus?

A

posterior division of obturator nerve.

18
Q

What are the three adductor muscles?

A
  1. Brevis
  2. Longus
  3. Magnus
19
Q

What are the root values of the obturator nerve?

A

anterior division, ventral rami L2,3,4

20
Q

What type of joint is the hip socket?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

21
Q

Where does the Iliofemoral Ligament attach?

A

AIIS and acetabular rim and the intertrochanteric line

22
Q

What are the four ligaments that cover the hip socket?

A
  1. pubofemoral
  2. ishciofemoral
  3. ligament of the head of the femur
  4. transverse acetabular
23
Q

What nerves cross the hip joint?

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Superior Gluteal
  3. Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
  4. Obturator
  5. Sciatic
24
Q

What muscles abduct?

A

Gluts medius and minimus. Also assisted by piriformis.

25
Q

What muscles medial rotate?

A

Anterior fibers of:

  1. gluteus medius
  2. gluteus minimus
  3. tensor fascia lata
26
Q

What muscles laterally rotate?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus (most powerful)
  2. Gluteus medius/minimus (posterior fibers)
  3. Gemelli
  4. Quadratus femoris
  5. Piriformis
  6. Obturator Externus/Internus
27
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

modified hinge, synovial

28
Q

What does the ACL do?

A

prevents hyperextension and prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia.

29
Q

What does the PCL do?

A

prevents hyperflexion and prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia.

30
Q

How does the popliteus aid in flexion?

A

It laterally rotates the tibia so that the joint is “unlocked”.

31
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

Hinge, synovial

32
Q

What muscles help to dorsiflex the foot?

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallucis longis
  3. extensor digitorum
  4. peroneus tertius
33
Q

what muscles help to plantarflex the foot?

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. tibialis posterior
  4. flexor hallucis longus
  5. flexor digitorum longus
34
Q

What is “Tom Dick And a Very Nervous Harry?”

A

T= Tibialis posterior
D= Flexor digitorum longus
A, V, N= Posterior tibial artery, vein, nerve
H= Flexor hallucis longus

35
Q

When does the popliteal artery appear?

A

After femoral artery has passed through the adductor hiatus.

36
Q

What muscles does the tibial nerve supply?

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Gastroc
  3. Soleus
  4. Plantaris
  5. Tibialis Posterior
  6. Flexor Digitorum longus
  7. Flexor Hallucis longus
37
Q

What muscles are in the extensor compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibilias anterior
  2. Extensor hallucis longus
  3. Extensor digitorum longus
  4. Peroneus tertius
38
Q

What are the roots of the common peroneal? What does it divide into?

A

Ventral rami of L4-S2.

Divides to become superficial and deep peroneal nerves.

39
Q

What nerve is damaged when you fracture the neck of your fibula? What happens?

A

Common peroneal nerve is damaged. Causes foot drop, inverted foot and sensory loss to dorsum of foot.

40
Q

What innvervates most of the muscles no the front of the lower leg?

A

The deep peroneal nerve. Deep peroneal also innervates extensor hallucis/digitorum brevis and gives sensory to the 1st and 2nd toes.

41
Q

What are the terminal branches for the anterior tibial artery?

A

first dorsal metatarsal and deep plantar arteries.

42
Q

What muscles does the superficial peroneus (fibular) nerve innervate?

A

Peroneal longus and brevis.

Anatomy (12 decks)

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