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Anatomy > Lower GI Tract - Jejunum, Ileum, Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal > Flashcards

Lower GI Tract - Jejunum, Ileum, Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Are the small intestines intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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2
Q

How are the jejunum and ileum attached to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Via mesentery

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3
Q

What is the blood supply to the small intestines?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Sends 15-18 branches into the jejunum and ileum mesentery

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4
Q

What happens to the arteries in the mesentery of the small intestine?

A

They anastomose to form loops called Arcades

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5
Q

What are vasa recta?

A

Long, straight arteries arising from the arcades in the mesentery of the small intestine

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the small intestines?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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7
Q

What happens to the SMV at the head of the pancreas?

A

Unites with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the small intestine?

A

Lymph drains into the superior mesenteric nodes

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9
Q

Name the 4 superior mesenteric nodes?

A

Mesenteric
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic

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10
Q

What is the para and symp innervation of the small intestine?

A

Para - coeliac plexus

Symp - greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

What is the difference in colour between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum - deep red

Ileum - paler pink

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12
Q

What is the difference in walls of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum - thick, heavy walls

Ileum - thin, light walls

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13
Q

What is the difference in vasculature between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum - greater vasculature

Ileum - less vasculature

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14
Q

What is the difference in vasa recta between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum - long vasa recta

Ileum - short vasa recta

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15
Q

What is the difference in aracdes between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum - few, large arcades

Ileum - many arcades

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16
Q

What are tenia coli?

A

3 thickened longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the intestines

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17
Q

What does contraction of tenia coli cause?

A

Contractions shorten the associated intestinal wall, forming haustra

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18
Q

Name all the parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

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19
Q

What is the cecum?

A

The cecum is an intestinal pouch continuous with the ascending colon

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20
Q

What does the cecum act as?

A

Acts as a reservoir for chyme which it receives from the ileum

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21
Q

What is the appendix? What does it contain?

A

The appendix is a vermiform projection of lymphoid tissue - contains large amount of lymphoid tissue but has no vital functions in the human

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22
Q

What is the blood supply of the cecum and appendix? Why is this? What are the specific arteries?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery
Because they are derived from the midgut
Ileocolic artery - divides into anterior and posterior cecal arteries

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23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the cecum and appendix?

A

Ileocolic vein, which empties in to the Superior Mesenteric Vein

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24
Q

Where does lymph from the cecum drain to? Where are these nodes located?

A

The ileocolic lymph nodes

They surround the ileocolic arteries

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25
Q

What is the para and symp innervation of the cecum and appendix?

A

Para - vagus

Symp - superior mesenteric plexus

26
Q

Are the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Ascending - retro
Transverse - intra
Descending - retro
Sigmoid - intra

27
Q

When does the ascending colon turn 90 degrees? What is this bend called?

A

When ascending colon reaches the right lobe of the liver

This is the right colic flexure

28
Q

What encloses the transverse colon?

A

The transverse mesocolon

29
Q

When does the transverse colon turn 90 degrees inferiorly? What is this called?

A

When transverse colon meets the spleen

This is called the left colic flexure

30
Q

When does the sigmoid colon start?

A

When the descending colon moved medially

31
Q

How is the sigmoid colon attached to the posterior pelvic wall?

A

By the sigmoid mesocolon

32
Q

Where are the paracolic gutters located?

A

Between the ascending/ descending colon and the posterolateral abdominal wall

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the colon?

A

Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon - SMA
Distal 1/3 of the transverse , descending and sigmoid colon - inferior mesenteric artery

34
Q

What is the blood supply of the ascending colon?

A 
Ileocolic artery (SMA)
Right colic artery (SMA)
35
Q

What is the blood supply of the transverse colon?

A

Right and middle colic arteries (SMA)

Left colic artery (IMA)

36
Q

What is the blood supply of the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery (IMA)

37
Q

What is the blood supply of the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid arteries (IMA)

38
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ascending colon?

A

Ileocolic vein
Right colic vein
Both drain into SMV

39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?

A

Middle colic vein

Drains into SMV

40
Q

What is the venous drainage of the descending colon?

A

Left colic vein

Drains into IMV

41
Q

What is the venous drainage of the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid veins

Drain into IMV

42
Q

Where do the superior and inferior mesenteric veins drain into?

A

Hepatic portal vein

43
Q

What is the innervation of the ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the colon?

A

Superior mesenteric plexus

44
Q

What is the innervation of the distal 1/3 of the transverse, descending and sigmoid colon? Para and symp

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus
Symp - lumbar splanchnic nerves
Para - pelvic splanchnic nerves

45
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ascending and transverse colon?

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric nodes

47
Q

Where do the inferior and superior mesenteric lymph nodes drain to?

A

Interstitial lymph trunks
Drains to cistena chyli
Ultimately empties into the thoracic duct

48
Q

What are 2 flexures of the rectum? Are they concave or convex anteriorly?

A

Sacral flexure - concave anterior

Anorectal flexure - convex anterior

49
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal artery

50
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal veins

51
Q

Where are the anastomoses between portal and systemic venous system located?

A

In the wall of the anal canal

52
Q

What surrounds the upper 2/3 of the anal canal?

A

Internal anal sphincter - involuntary control

53
Q

What surrounds the lower 2/3 of the anal canal?

A

External anal sphincter - voluntary control

54
Q

Where is the anorectal ring located?

A

At the junction of the rectum and the anal canal

55
Q

What is the anorectal ring formed from?

A

Fusion of the internal and external anal sphincters

56
Q

What is the blood supply to the anal canal?

A

Above pectinate line - superior rectal artery and anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery
Below pectinate line - inferior rectal artery and anastomoses from the middle rectal artery

57
Q

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal?

A

Above the pectinate line - superior rectal vein

Below the pectinate line - inferior rectal vein

58
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal?

A

Above pectinate line - internal iliac lymph nodes

Below pectinate line - superficial inguinal lymph nodes

59
Q

What is the innervation of the anal canal?

A

Above the pectinate line - inferior hypogastric plexus

Below the pectinate line - inferior rectal nerves

60
Q

What is above the pectinate line sensitive to?

A

Stretch

61
Q

What is below the pectinate line sensitive to?

A

Pain, temperature, touch and pressure

62
Q

What does the pectinate line divide?

A

Proximal 2/3 and distal 1/3 of the anal canal

Anatomy (9 decks)

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