Lower GI Disorders (IBD+UC) Flashcards
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
A group of Life-changing chronic illness
2 types of IBD
- Crones
2. Ulcerative Colitis
IBD is characterized by
Chronic inflammation of the intestines
Exacerbation and remission
IBD demographic
More common in:
- WOMEN
- Caucasians
- Jewish
- Smokers
IBD etiology
Autoimmune activated by an infection
Chron’s Disease Pathogenesis
Lymph structures of GI tract are blocked
Tissue becomes engorged and inflamed
Deep linear FISSURES and ULCERS develop in a ‘patchy’ pattern in bowel wall
- Skip Lesions
- Cobblestone Appearance
Crone’s Disease Complications
Malnutrition (anemia)
Scar tissue + Obstructions
Fistulas
Cancer
Crone’s Disease Manifestations
Crampy lower abdominal pain (RLQ)
Watery diarrhea
SYSTEMIC:
-Weight loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever, malabsorption of nutrients
Palpable abdominal mass (RLQ)
Mouth ulcers
S/S of fistulas
Crone’s G.A.L.S
Granulomas
All Layers
Skip Lesions
Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation of the mucosa of the RECTUM + COLON
UC is more common in what types of people?
Usually develops in third decade of life
- European
- Ashkenazi Jews
- Occasionally Blacks
- Rare in Asians
UC Pathogenesis
Inflammation begins in rectum and extends in a CONTINUUS segment that may involve ENTIRE colon
- Inflammation leads to large ulcerations
- Necrosis of the epithelial tissue can result in abscesses CRIPT ABSCESSES
Colon and rectum try to repair damage with new granulation tissue
- Why is this a problem?
- Tissue is fragile and bleeds easily
UC Clinical Manifestations
Abdominal Pain
Bloody Diarrhea
Systemic: Weight loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever
UC Complications
Hemorrhage
Perforation
Cancer
**More Complications of UC
Malnutrition Anemia Strictures Fissures Fistulas Abscesses TOXIC MEGACOLON Colorectal Carcinoma Liver disease (inflammation and scarring of bile duct) F+E + pH imbalances DVT/VTE
What is TOXIC MEGACOLON
A rapid dilation of the large intestine that can be life-threatening
Diverticulosis
Development of diverticula:
-small pouches in lining of colon that bulge outward through weak spots
Usual Location of Diverticula
Descending colon
How do you get Diverticulosis?
May be congenital or acquired
Thought to be caused by low fiber diet with resulting chronic constipation
What is Diverticulitis vs Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis: Outpouching with infection or inflammation of diverticula (pouch)
Diverticulosis: Outpouching without inflammation or infection
DiverticuLOSIS Clinical Manifestations
Usually asymptomatic
Discovered accidently or with presentation of acute diverticulitis
DiverticuLITIS Clinical Manifestations
- Abdominal Pain (LLQ)
- Fever
- Inc WBC
- Constipation or Diarrhea
- Acute passage of lots of frank blood
May resolve spontaneously
Diverticulitis etiology
INFLAMMATION of one or more of the pouches (diverticula)
-usually from retained fecal material
Diverticulitis Complications
Perforation
Peritonitis
Obstruction
