Lower GI Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate the appearance of gut mucosal inflammation in UC and Crohn’s

A

UC: continuous through colon

Crohn’s: patchy, ‘skip lesions’

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2
Q

Differentiate the appearance of stool in UC and Crohn’s

A

UC: Bloody diarrhoea, may have mucous

Crohn’s: diarrhoea, may have blood

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3
Q

Differentiate the flare pattern of Crohn’s and UC

A

Crohn’s: systemically unwell

UC: Well in between attacks

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4
Q

How does blood in stool appear in IBD?

A

Mixed in

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5
Q

Where are Crohn’s patients most likely to get pain and why?

A

Right iliac fossa

Due to terminal ileitis

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6
Q

What is pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

Skin condition causing deep, necrotic ulcers

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7
Q

Recall 6 extra-articular manifestations of IBD, and one of UC specifically

A
Erythema nodosum
Clubbing
Aphthous ulcers
Arthritis
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Uveitis
UC specifically: PSC
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8
Q

What is the first-line investigation for suspected IBD?

A

Stool sample

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9
Q

What is the investigation required for definitive diagnosis of UC?

A

Colonoscopy and biopsy

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10
Q

What is the lead pipe sign in radiology?

A

Complete loss of haustral markings in the colon due to inflammation

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11
Q

Recall 2 causes of toxic megacolon

A

IBD

C diff

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12
Q

Recall the management of UC

A

Conservative: no
Medical for inducing remission: aminosalicylates
Medical for maintaining remission: azothioprine/ methotrexate/ cyclosporin
Surgery: can be curative

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13
Q

Recall the management of Crohn’s

A

Conservative: no
Medical for inducing remission: corticosteroids
Medical for maintaining remission: azothioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporin AND infliximab
Surgery can not cure

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14
Q

Recall 3 signs of coeliac disease

A

IgA deficiency
Anaemia
Dermatitis herpetiformis

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15
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Pruritic, erythematous paupulovesicularrash that typically presents on elbows

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of stool in coeliac disease

A

Steatorrhoea

Difficult to flush

17
Q

Recall 2 antibodies that may be elevated in coeliac disease

A

Anti-TTG

Anti-endomysial

18
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for coeliac disease?

A

Endoscopy and duodenal biopsy

19
Q

What is the characteristic histopathological appearance of the mucosa in coeliac disease?

A

Villous atrophy
Cryptal hyperplasia
Intra-epithelial WBCs

20
Q

Recall 3 possible complications of coeliac disease

A

Upper GI lymphomas/carcinomas
Osteoporosis
Chronic dermatitis herpetiformis