Lower Extremity OIA Flashcards
Psoas Major Origin
Anterior surfaces of TPs L1-L5 and both sides of bodies T12-S1
Psoas Major Insertion
Lesser Trochanter
Psoas Major Action
Hip FLX, lumbar FLX
Iliacus Origin
superior 2/3rds iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac legs
Iliacus Insertion
lesser trochanter and femur shaft just distal to lesser trochanter, tendon fused with psoas major tendon
Iliacus Action
Hip FLX and trunk FLX, stabilizes the hip
Gluteus Maximus Origin
Ilium posterior gluteal, iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
Gluteus Maximus Insertion
Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Maximus Action
Hip EXT, assists in ER, assists in raising trunk from flexed position, powerful ER when hip extended
Gluteus Medius Origin
anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium btw posterior and anterior gluteal lines
Gluteus Medius Insertion
greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus Medius Action
hip ABD and IR
Gluteus Minimus Origin
lateral ilium btw inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Gluteus Minimus Insertion
greater trochanter of the femur
Gluteus Minimus Action
hip ABD & IR, keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral hip is WB
TFL Origin
anterior parts of iliac crests, just posterior to ASIS
TFL Insertion
descends vertically downwards to be inserted into the ITB
TFL Action
hip FLX (acts in concert with Iliopsoas and Rectus Femoris), ABD and IR of the hip
ITB Origin
tubercle of the iliac crest
ITB Insertion
lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy’s Tubercle)
Piriformis Origin
anterior sacrum
Piriformis Insertion
greater trochanter
Piriformis Action
ER, ABD of flexed hip
Gemelli Superior Origin
Ischial spine
Gemelli Superior Insertion
trochanteric fossa
Gemelli Superior Action
ER, ABD of flexed hip
Gemelli Inferior Origin
ischial tuberosity
Gemelli Inferior Insertion
trochanteric fossa
Gemelli Inferior Action
ER, ABD of flexed hip
Quadratus Femoris Origin
ischial tuberosity
Quadratus Femoris Insertion
quadrate tubercle on Intertrochanteric Crest of femur
Quadratus Femoris Action
hip ER
Obturator Internus Origin
medial margins of obturator foramen
Obturator Internus Insertion
trochanteric fossa
Obturator Internus Action
hip ER, ABD of flexed hip
Obturator Externus Origin
lateral margins of obturator foramen
Obturator Externus Insertion
trochanteric fossa
Obturator Externus Action
hip ER
Sartorius Origin
ASIS
Sartorius Insertion
medial tibia near tibial tuberosity
Sartorius Action
Hip: ABD, ER, FLX
Knee: FLX
medially rotates the lower leg when knee is flexed
Rectus Femoris Origin
AIIS
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis Insertion
tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis Action
EXT of the knee
Vastus Intermedius Origin
anterolateral surface of femus
Vastus Lateralis Origin
greater trochanter and along lateral lip of linea aspera
Vastus Medialis Origin
entire medial lip of linea aspera
Biceps Femoris Origin
Long Head: ischial tuberosity
Short Head: linea aspera
Biceps Femoris Insertion
head of fibula
Biceps Femoris Action
hip: EXT
knee: FLX and ER (of lower leg when knee is flexed)
Semimembranosus Origin
ischial tuberosity, passes downward and medially in front of the biceps and semitendiosus
Semimembranosus Insertion
by the flat tendon to the semimembranosus groove on the back of the medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus Action
hip: EXT
knee: FLX (and IR of the lower leg when knee flexed)
Semitendinosus Origin
Ischial tuberosity, by tendon common to long head of biceps
Semitendinosus Insertion
medial surface of tibia close to the insertion of gracilis (Pes anserinus = SemiT+gracilis+sartorius)
Semitendinosus Action
hip: EXT
knee: FLX (and IR of the lower leg when knee flexed)
Pectineus Origin
superior ramus of pubis (pectineal line)
Pectineus Insertion
pectineal line just inferior to lesser trochanter of femur
Pectineus Action
ADD, FLX of hip
Adductor Longus Origin
pubis
Adductor Longus Insertion
linea aspera
Adductor Longus Action
ADD, FLX of hip
Adductor Brevis Origin
body of inferior ramus of pubis anteriorly to ADD Magnus
Adductor Brevis Insertion
linea aspera, pectineal line
Adductor Brevis Action
ADD and FLX of hip
Gracilis Origin
inferior ramus of pubic bone, very close to the symphysis pubis, medial to ADD Brevis attachment
Gracilis Insertion
medial superior surface of tibia, inferior to medial condyle
Gracilis Action
Hip: ADD and FLX of hip
Adductor Magnus Origin
Inferior ramus of pubis posterior to ADD Brevis and to ischial tuberosity
Adductor Magnus Insertion
Adductor Part: linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring Part: adductor tubercle of femur
Adductor Magnus Action
ADD and FLX (adductor part) or ADD EXT (hamstring part)
Tibialis Anterior Origin
lateral condyle of tibia, interosseous membrane
Tibialis Anterior Insertion
medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
Tibialis Anterior Action
ankle dorsiflexion and inversion, helps to maintain the medial arch of the foot during walking
Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin
lateral tibial condyle, fibular shaft, interosseous membrane
Extensor Digitorum Longus Insertion
middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Extensor Digitorum Longus Action
extends lateral 4 toes, ankle DF
Fibularis Tertius Origin
inferior surface of fibula, adjacent anterior surface of interosseous membrane
Fibularis Tertius Insertion
dorsal base and shaft of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis Tertius Action
ankle DF and helps in eversion
Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin
anterior surface of interosseous membrane, middle half of anterior surface of fibula
Extensor Hallucis Longus Insertion
dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Extensor Hallucis Longus Action
extends MTP and IP joints great toe, assists in ankle DF
Fibularis Longus Origin
head of fibula, lateral fibular shaft
Fibularis Longus Insertion
medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Fibularis Longus Action
ankle eversion and PF
Fibularis Brevis Origin
inferior lateral surface of fibula
Fibularis Brevis Insertion
tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal
Fibularis Brevis Action
Ankle eversion and weak PF
Gastrocnemius Origin
Lateral Head: lateral condyle of femur
Medial Head: posterior surface medial femoral condyle
Gastrocnemius Insertion
posterior calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Gastrocnemius Action
knee flexor and ankle PF (cannot do both at the same time)
Soleus Origin
posterior aspect of fibular head, posterior fibula, soleal line on tibia, tibial shaft
Soleus Insertion
posterior calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Soleus Action
ankle PF
Plantaris Origin
lateral supracondylar line of femur
Plantaris Insertion
blends with Achilles to insert on posterior calcaneus
Plantaris Action
Weak knee flexor and ankle PF
Popliteus Origin
lateral femoral condyle
Popliteus Insertion
posterior surface of tibia, superior to popliteal line
Popliteus Action
flexes knee (weak), medial tibial rotation in OKC position, lateral femur rotation in CKC position, when the knee is extended fully a lateral rotation of the tibia locks the knee joint. In order to unlock it the popliteus acts by rotating tibia medially at the beginning of flexion
Tibialis Posterior Origin
posterior interosseous membrane, posterior shaft of fibula, posterior aspect of superior tibia inferior to the soleal line
Tibialis Posterior Insertion
crosses posterior medial malleolus (enters the foot above the sustentaculum tali. Navicular bone, all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, 3rd and 4th MT bones
Tibialis Posterior Action
ankle PF, inversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin
Posterior surface of tibia, just distal to soleal line
Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion
passes posterior to medial malleolus, inserts on plantar surfaces pf bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Flexor Digitorum Longus Action
helps in ankle PF, flexes IP and MTP joints lateral 4 toes
Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin
posterior fibular below the soleal line
Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion
plantar base of distal phalanx of great toe
Flexor Hallucis Longus Action
flexes IP and ATP of great toe, helps to PF the ankle
