Axial Muscles OIA Flashcards
Masseter Origin
Zygomatic Arch
Masseter Insertion
Lateral surface and angle of mandible (outside)
Masseter Action
elevates the mandible, limited protrusion
Temporalis Origin
Along temporal lines of the skull
Temporalis Insertion
Coronoid Process
Temporalis Action
Assists in elevation, Posterior fibers are the main retrusors
Medial Pterygoid Origin
Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Medial Pterygoid Insertion
medial surface of ramus of mandible (angle of mandible inside)
Medial Pterygoid Action
elevation and protrusion of mandible
Lateral Pterygoid Origin
Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Lateral Pterygoid Insertion
neck of condyle of mandible
Lateral Pterygoid Action
depresses and protrudes mandible
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
Manubrium, sternal end of clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid Insertion
Mastoid Process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid Action
Together: Neck FLX, EXT of only upper Cx spine, assists in inspiration
Alone: Cervical side FLX to same side and ROT to opposite side
Anterior Scalene Origin
TPs of C3-C6
Anterior Scalene Insertion
1st rib
Anterior Scalene Action
elevate first rib during inspiration and ipsilateral cervical spine FLX
Middle Scalene Origin
TPs C5-C7
Middle Scalene Insertion
superior surface of 1st rib
Middle Scalene Action
Ipsilateral cervical spine FLX, elevates first rib during forced inspiration
Posterior Scalene Origin
TPs C5-C7
Posterior Scalene Insertion
2nd rib
Posterior Scalene Action
Ipsilateral cervical spine FLX, elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin
SP of C7-T3 and lig. nuchae
Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion
superior borders of 4 upper ribs (ribs 1-4)
Serratus Posterior Superior Action
elevates ribs during inspiration
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin
SPs T11-L2
Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion
inferior border of lower 4 ribs near angles (ribs 8-11)
Serratus Posterior Inferior Action
depresses ribs during expiration
Splenius Capitis Origin
SPs C7-T6 and nuchal lig.
Splenius Capitis Insertion
Mastoid Process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
Splenius Capitis Action
Unilaterally: ipsilateral side FLX, ipsilateral ROT
Bilaterally: EXT of neck
Splenius Cervicis Origin
SPs C7-T6 and nuchal lig.
Splenius Cervicis Insertion
TPs of C1-C4
Splenius Cervicis Action
Unilaterally: Ipsilateral side FLX, ipsilateral ROT
Bilaterally: EXT of neck
Spinalis Origin
broad tendon from the posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacral and lower lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament
Spinalis Insertion
fibers of this muscle run superiorly to upper thoracic SPs and to cranium
Longissimus Origin
broad tendon from the posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacral and lower lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament
Longissimus Insertion
fibers run superiorly to ribs between the angles of ribs and costal tubercles (TPs), reaches mastoid process of temporal bone
Iliocostalis Origin
broad tendon from the posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacral and lower lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament
Iliocostalis Insertion
angles of ribs, TPs of cervical spine
Erector Spinae Action
Bilaterally: EXT of vertebral column and head (main extensor of the spine)
Unilaterally: side FLX (ipsilateral)
Semispinalis Origin
TPs of T12-C4 vertebrae
Semispinalis Insertion
SPs of thoracic and cervical spine spanning 4-6 segments)
Semispinalis Action
Bilaterally: extend the thoracic and cervical spine
Unilaterally: contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Multifidus Origin
arises from posterior sacrum, PSIS, mamillary processes of Lumbar Vertebrae, upper thoracic TPs (T1-T3)
Multifidus Insertion
SPs of 3rd or 4th more superior vertebrae (2-4 segments). Extends from TPs of S4 to C2
Multifidus Action
extension, stabilize the vertebral column
Rotatores Origin
TPs
Rotatores Insertion
SPs of 1 segment (brevis) or 2 segments (longus)
Rotatores Action
extends vertebral column, stabilizes vertebrae
Oblique Capitis Inferior Origin
SP of C2
Oblique Capitis Inferior Insertion
TP of C1
Oblique Capitis Inferior Action
ipsilateral ROT
Oblique Capitis Superior Origin
TP of C1
Oblique Capitis Superior Insertion
between superior and inferior nuchal lines on the occiput
Oblique Capitis Superior Action
Ipsilateral Side FLX and ext
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin
SP of C2
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Insertion
Inferior nuchal line (lateral aspect)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action
Cx EXT
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin
Posterior tubercle of C1
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Insertion
inferior nuchal line (medial aspect)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action
Cx EXT
Diaphragm Origin
Xiphoid Process, ribs 7-12 and cartilages, anterior bodies of upper lumbar spine
3 parts: sternal (2 slips attaching to xiphoid process), costal (inferior 6 costal cartilages), lumbar (arises from medial and lateral arcuate ligs. and 3 superior lumbar vertebrae.
Diaphragm Insertion
central tendon
Rectus Abdominis Origin
Pubis symphysis and the pubic crest
Rectus Abdominis Insertion
Inferior cartilages Ribs 5-7 (3 ribs) and xiphoid process
Rectus Abdominis Action
FLX of the trunk, depresses ribs, compresses abdomen, controls tilt of pelvis
External Oblique Origin
Ribs 5-12 (inferior 8 ribs)
External Oblique Insertion
linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle
External Oblique Action
Together: Trunk FLX
Alone: ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation
Internal Oblique Origin
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Internal Oblique Insertion
inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, linea alba, pubis
Internal Oblique Action
ipsilateral side FLX and ipsilateral ROT
Transverse Abdominus Origin
cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest, thoraco-lumbar fascia
Transverse Abdominus Insertion
pubic crest and linea alba
Transverse Abdominus Action
compresses abdomen and supports viscera
Quadratus Lumborum Origin
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Quadratus Lumborum Insertion
12th rib and tips of TPs of lumbar spine
Quadratus Lumborum Action
Together: Lumbar EXT
Alone: side FLX
