lower extremity Flashcards
what ligament is at the head of the femur attaching to the acetabular fossa
capitis femoris
What direction does the head of the femur glide with external rotation of the hip?
anterior
What direction does the head of the femur glide with internal rotation of the hip?
posterior
What is the largest joint in the body
tibiofemoral
etiology of external rotation somatic dysfunction
piriformis or iliopsoas spasm
Which collateral ligament of the knee also articulates with the meniscus on that side
medial
Describe the motor of the Tibial division of sciatic
- hammstrings except short head of biceps femoris
- most plantar flexors and toe flexors
Sensory of tibial division of sciatic
lower leg and plantar aspect of foot
motor innervation of peroneal division of sciatic
- Short head of biceps femoris
- evertors and dorsiflexors of foot
- most extensors of the toes
What is the normal angle between the neck and shaft of the femur
120-135
What is coxa vara?
angle < 120
What is coxa valga?
angle > 135
This angle is formed by the intersection of a line from ASIS through the middle of the patella and a line from the tibial tubercle through the middle of the patella
Q angle
what is a normal Q angle
10-12
Decreased Q angle?
Increase?
- Genu varum
- Genu Valgum
Describe the pathophysiology of patello-femoral syndrome (aka lateral patello-femoral tracking syndrome
- an imbalance of the musculature of the quads (strong vastus lateralis and weak vastus medialis)
- This imbalance will cause the patella to deviate laterally and eventually lead to irregular or accelerated wearing on the posterior surface of the patella
- Large Q angle
Signs and symtptoms of patello-femoral syndrome
- deep knee pain, especially when climbing stairs
- atrophy of vastus medialis
- patella crepitus
Prevalence of patello-femoral syndrome
- mostly in women
- a wider pelvis often results in a larger Q angle
What compartment of lower leg most often gets compartment syndrome
anterior
other names for unhappy triad injury
- O’donahue’s triad
- Terrible triad
What position is the ankle most stable
dorsiflexion
What makes up the medial longitudinal arch?
- Talus
- navicular
- cuneiforms
- 1st to 3rd metatarsals
What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch
- Calcaneus
- cuboid
- 4th and 5th metatarsals
What makes up the transverse arch
- navicular
- cuneiforms
- cuboid
What ligaments are lateral stabilizers of the ankle?
- Anterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
- Posterior talofibular
What lateral ankle ligament is first to tear
Anterior talofibular
Type I ankle sprain?
- II?
- III?
- ATF
- ATF and calcaneofibular
- both above plus posterior talofibular ligament
