Facilitation

Question 1

The somato-visceral reflex of a trigger point located in the right pectoralis major muscle between the fifth and sixth ribs and just medial to the nipple line, has been known to cause what

Answer 1

supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

Question 2

Describe the effects of parasympathetics on sweating?

Sympathetics?

Answer 2

• sweating on palms of hands

- Copious sweating (cholinergic)

Question 3

Describe the parasympathetic effects on bronchiolar smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium?

Answer 3

• contracts smooth muscle

- Decreases # of goblet cells to enhance thin secretions

Question 4

Describe the sympathetic effects on bronchiolar smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium?

Answer 4

• Relaxes bronchiolar smooth muscle

- increases # of goblet cells to produce thick secretions

Question 5

sympathetic effect on kidneys

Answer 5

-Vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole –> decreased GFR —> decreased urine volume

Question 6

parasympathetic effect on liver

Answer 6

slight glycogen synthesis

Question 7

sympathetic effect on liver

Answer 7

-glycogenolysis (release of glucose into bloodstream

Question 8

Describe in general what nerves mediate parasympathetic innervation to different parts of the body

Answer 8

• Vagus does everything above diaphragm
• Does GI up to splenic flexure then pelvic splanchnic takes over
• Vagus does Kidney and upper ureter while pelvic splanchnic does lower ureter and bladder
• Only reproductive organs that vagus does is ovaries and testes

Question 9

Sympathetics to head and neck

Answer 9

T1-T4

Question 10

Sympathetics to heart

Answer 10

T1-T5

Question 11

Sympathetics to respiratory system

Answer 11

T2-T7

Question 12

Sympathetics to Esophagus

Answer 12

T2-T8

Question 13

Sympathetics to upper GI . . up to ligament of Treitz

Answer 13

T5-T9

Question 14

Sympathetics to middle GI

Answer 14

T10-T11

Question 15

Sympathetics to Lower GI

Answer 15

T12-L2

Question 16

Sympathetics to appendix

Answer 16

T12

Question 17

Sympathetics to kidneys

Answer 17

T10-T11

Question 18

Sympathetics to Adrenal medulla

Answer 18

T10

Question 19

Sympathetics to Upper ureters

Answer 19

T10-T11

Question 20

Sympathetics to lower ureters

Answer 20

T12-L1

Question 21

Sympathetics to Bladder

Answer 21

T11-L2

Question 22

Sympathetics to Gonads

Answer 22

T10-T11

Question 23

Sympathetics to Uterus and cervix

Answer 23

T10-L2

Question 24

Sympathetics to Erectile tissue of penis and clitoris

Answer 24

T11-L2

Question 25

Sympathetics to prostate

Answer 25

T12-L2

Question 26

Sympathetics to upper extremity

Answer 26

T2-T8

Question 27

Sympathetics to lower extremity

Answer 27

T11-L2

Question 28

Describe the 3 purposes of Rib raising and examples of each

Answer 28

• Normalize (decrease) sympathetics activity: since the thoracic sympathetic ganglia lie anterior to their corresponding rib, gentle anterior pressure on these will initially produce a short-lived increase in sympathetic activity, but this is followed by long lasting inhibition
• Improve lymphatic return
• Encourages maximum inhalation and provokes a more effective negative intrathoracic pressure

Question 29

Describe soft tissue paraspinal inhibition of upper lumbars and why this is used

Answer 29

• Normalize (decrease) sympathetic activity
• Ileus prevention
• The upper Lumbar (L1 and L2) sympathetic ganglia is continuous with that of the thoracic paraspinal ganglia. However, due to the absence ofribs, direct paraspinal pressure on the erector spinae mass produces the same autonomic effects as rib raising