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Block 3 > Lower Extrem > Flashcards

Lower Extrem Flashcards

1
Q

What serves as attachment of lower limbs? (4 bones)

A

Hip Bonesx2, Sacrum, Coccyx

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2
Q

what makes up the pelvic girdle?

A

Hip bonex2

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3
Q

What are other names for hip bone?

A

Os Coxae, Innominate bone

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4
Q

Each hip bone is made of 3 separate bones, what are they?

A

2/5 Ischium, 2/5 Ilium , 1/5 Pubis

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5
Q

In AP hip, what should be done to bring the neck of the femur to be parallel with the IR?

A

turn the entire affected leg 15-20 degrees internally

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6
Q

Lateral Hip has 2 names for different CR, what are they? and what are the CR?

what’s the difference between the 2?

A

Hickey and lauenstein method. CR is at the between ASIS and Pubic symphysis. Hickey requires CR 20-25 degrees cephalad.

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7
Q

In AP pelvis, if the pelvis is deep what should you do to the IR?

A

Move the IR up 1-1.5” above the iliac crest

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8
Q

what method will show the femoral neck free of superimposition?

A

Hickey Method of the Lat hip

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9
Q

soles of feet together, thighs abducted, flexed hips and knees, femoral vertical is a description of what method?

A

Modified Cleaves method bilateral

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10
Q

In original Cleaves method, what is the CR angle and is entering at?

A

25-45 degree cephalic at the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

Axiolateral Hip is also called the ….
Should foot be rotated? if so, what degree?

IR should be placed at the ___ above the ___ ____

What should the IR be parallel with ?

CR for this is ….

A

Danelius Miller’s method, if not contraindicated, have the pt rotate the foot 15-20 degrees internally.

crease, iliac crest

neck of the femure

CR is 2.5 inches below the localization point

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12
Q

How many bones in the foot?

A

26

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13
Q

What are other names for the Calcaneus? What’s special about this bone in the foot?

A

Os calcis, Heel bone, serves as the weight bearer, point of attachment for archilles tendon,

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14
Q

What is the 2nd strongest bone in the foot? What structure does it have that forms the roof of the Sinus Tarsi?

A

Talus, Sulcus Tali at the inferior portion of the bone

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15
Q

Navicular lies on the medial side of the foot btwn ___ and the ____

A

Talus and the cuneiforms

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16
Q

how are Cuneiforms numbered and arranged?

A

from medial to lateral, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. Medial, Intermediate, and lateral

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17
Q

What is special about 1st, 2nd, and 5th Metatarsals?

A

1st is the shortest and strongest, 2nd is the longest, and 5th has a tuberosity that hangs on the lateral side

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18
Q

What arch serves as shock absorber and is formed by the bones in the foot?

A

Longitudinal arch

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19
Q

what arch assists in supporting the longitudinal arch?

A

Transverse arch

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20
Q

What is the 2nd largest bone in the body?

A

Tibia

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21
Q

at the superior surface of the Tibia, there is a feature that is called… and it slopes ___ - ___ degrees, it is a site of articulation for…

A

Tibial Plateau, 10-20 degrees, for the condyles of the femur

22
Q

what is another name for tibial spine?

A

Intercondylar Eminence

23
Q

What is the site for the Osgood-Schlatters disease?

A

Tibial Tuberosity

24
Q

Where is the sharp ridge on the tibia?

A

Anterior crest

25
Q

what type of joint does the tibiofibular make distally?

Proximally?

A

Syndesmosis, Fibrous

Synovial, slightly moveable

26
Q

Where is the apex of the fibula?

A

Posterolateral

27
Q

Intertrochanteric crest is ridge that forms the greater and lesser trochanters on the _____ aspect, Intertrochanteric line is the less prominent ridge that is on the _____ aspect.

A

Posterior, anterior

28
Q

at what age does the patella develop?

What is the fxn of the patella?

A

3-5, to protect the knee joint

29
Q

Knee joint contains two meniscus made up of what type of disks? what is the fxn?

A

Medial and lateral meniscus, fibrocartilage disks for shock absorbtion.

30
Q

What age range usually suffers from legg calve perthes disease?

A

5-10

31
Q

when you want to see the joint spaces in the AP axial toe, what degree angulation is needed?

A

15 degree

32
Q

Oblique toe requires a range of what angulation on the anatomy?

A

30-45 degree

33
Q

In lateral toe, first and second toes should be closest to IR, what is the projection? and 3rd-5th?

A

Lateromedial, 3-5th mediolateral

34
Q

Why is angulation needed in the AP foot views? if there is no angulation, what is it for?

A

10 degree because you want to see the tarsometatarsal joint spaces, no degrees are just for bony structures

35
Q

AP oblique foot require how much angulation of the foot?

A

30 degree

36
Q

what is the projection for the weight bearing foot lat view? what is of concern when using this view?

A

Lateromedial, the medial aspect of the foot is touching the IR, Longitudinal arch is of concern

37
Q

Plantodorsal is a view for what bone in the tarsal? what is it also called? What is the CR for this view?

A

AP axial Calcaneus view, CR is 40 degrees toward the heel of the foot (Cephalic) at the base of the 3rd metatarsal.

38
Q

Lateral Calcaneus view, CR is 1” below the _____

A

Medial Malleolus

39
Q

In Ankle stress method, an inversion is used to show joint and rupture of lat lig between what joint space?

In medial ligament it is what type of joint action?

A

fibulotalar joint

Tibiotalar joint

40
Q

In oblique ankle, if the leg is rotated 45 degrees, what are the interests? if it is 15-20?

A

Bony structures for 45 degrees, 15-20 is the mortise

41
Q

what are superimposed in 45 degree ankle rotation view?

A

Tibia and Fibula

42
Q

How much IR space in inches do you want in an AP leg at the end of each joints?

A

1-1.5”

43
Q

AP knee requires different CR for each measurements:
less than 19cm
19-24cm
Greater than 24cm

A

3-5 Cephalad
0 degree
3-5 Caudad

44
Q

what becomes in view when you AP oblique the knee medially?

What if you AP oblique the Knee laterally?

A

Proximal portion of the fibulotibial joint, and the head of the fibula

Lateral oblique shows the fibula superimposed by Tibia and medial portion of the tibia in profile

45
Q

Normally, when performing a Lateral Knee, what knee flexion angulation do you need? If there is a suspected trauma? What is the CR angulation?

A

20-30 degree flexion is usually needed. If there is suspected trauma, then no more than 10 to prevent fragmentation of the patella, 5-7 degree cephalad

46
Q

PA axial knee is also known as… in this position, the PT is on all 4, what angle does the affected knee need to be in from the table?

A

Holmblad method, knee is 70 degree with the affected thigh forming that degree from the table.

47
Q

what methods require the knee to flex and form a 60 degree angle w/ long axis of tibia ?

A

Beclere method, AP axial knee

48
Q

In hughston method, CR is at …. and the affected knee is at an angle range of ___ to ___ degree

A

Tangential knee 45 degree cephalad

degree range is 50-60 degree

49
Q

what method shows the vertical fractures of bone and the articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral articulation?

A

Tangential knee, settegast method,

50
Q

When performing the AP femur, where should IR be for Proximal vs Distal? how do you make sure each are in true AP position?

A

Proximal femur, the Top of IR is at level of ASIS, Distal it is 2” below the condyles

In proximal femur, you want the affected foot to internally rotate 15-20 degrees, and for distal femur, you want the epicondyles to be parellel with the IR.

Block 3 (7 decks)

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