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Block 3 > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

3 Divisions of Pharynx

A

Naso, oro, and laryngopharynx

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2
Q

A cone shaped structure that is a passage way for food and air….

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

Organ of the voice vs. Glottis

A

Larynx, glottis is the actual voice box (vocal apparatus)

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4
Q

How many cartilage rings does the trachea have?

A

16-20

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5
Q

Hook like ring at the end of trachea before it bifurcates is called

A

Carina

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6
Q

what does Trachea bifurcates into?

A

Right and left Primary Bronchi

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7
Q

how long is the Pharynx? ( in cm and inch)

A

13cm, 5”

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8
Q

The pharynx extends from ____ of _____ and basilar portion of _____ to lvl of __ or ___ cervical vertebra

A

body of sphenoid, occipital, 6th/7th

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9
Q

what part of the nasopharynx prevents liquid and foods from entering nasal cavity?

A

Uvula

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10
Q

Oropharynx extends from soft palate to the lvl of ____ bone

A

hyoid bone

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11
Q

what two tonsils exists in the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils and lingual

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12
Q

This portion of the pharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

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13
Q

This organ of the voice is suspended by the hyoid bone and is about 3.8cm (1.5”) long

A

Larynx

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14
Q

another name for Thyroid cartilage?

A

Adam’s apple

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15
Q

Where does the larynx start? and where does it end?

A

C4 - C6

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16
Q

what are all part of the larynx? 3 items

A

Thyroid cartilage, Glottis, and Epiglottis

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17
Q

Nomenclature of Trachea
Where is the origin-ends?
How long is it?
how wide is it?

A

Starts at c6 and ends at T4-T5
It is about 11cm long or 4.5”
The width is about 1.3cm

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18
Q

Is left primary bronchi wider than Right? Why?

A

No it is not, b/c it only has to supply air to 2 lobes of the left lung

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19
Q

Primary bronchi turns into …. and what is the other name? how many on the right side and left?

A

Secondary Bronchi, lobar. 3 on the right and 2 on the left

20
Q

What does the lobar bronchi turn into? what is special about this bronchi?

A

Tertiary bronchi (segmental), it is the last division of the bronchi that contains cartilage

21
Q

This structure in the lungs are replaced by smooth muscle that regulates airway resistance

A

Bronchioles

22
Q

what communicates with alveolar ducts?

A

Terminal Bronchioles

23
Q

what is the functional unit of the lungs???

A

Alveoli

24
Q

Describe Mediastinum in relation to:

Lungs, Sternum, Thoracic spine

A

medially to lungs, posterior to sternum, anterior to spine

25
Q

what are the structures inside the Mediastinum?

A

Great vessels, Thymus gland, heart, esophagus, Lymphatic structures, trachea, nerves and fat

26
Q

what anatomical structure secretes Thymosin and is also in charge of controlling lymphatic system, play critical role in maturation of immune system THEN atrophies as human ages?

A

Thymus gland

27
Q

Narrow muscular tube that is about 23cm (9”) long that

A

Esophagus

28
Q

what is the organ of respiration?

A

Lungs

29
Q

what elastic substance exists in the lungs?

A

parenchyma

30
Q

What are the 3 lung fields?

A

Apices, Hilum, and Costophrenic angles

31
Q

what are the 3 portions of the right lung? and how many on the left? what does the left lung has that the right doesn’t ?

A

Superior, Middle, and inferior lobes

Left, has Superior and inferior lobes + Cardiac notch

32
Q

what fissures exists on the right and left lung?

A

Horizontal Fissure, interlobar oblique fissure ( on the Right side it is between middle and inferior AND on the left it is btwn Superior and inferior)

33
Q

what organ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

A

Diaphragm

34
Q

Pleural Cavity is lined by serous membranes, what covers the lungs and what lines the cavity?

A

Visceral pleura cover the lungs and Parietal Pleura lines the walls of cavity

35
Q

what nerve controls contraction of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

36
Q

what’s the origin - insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Posterior of the xiphoid process and inserts at the 3rd lumbar vertebra

37
Q

what muscles intertwine btwn ribs (which elevate ribs and which lower ribs)? Which helps in inspiration and which helps with expiration?

A

Intercostal muscles, External helps with elevation of the ribs during inspiration and Internal helps with lowering the ribs during Expiration

38
Q

What group of conditions make up the COPD?

A

Asthma, Emphysema, and Bronchitis

39
Q

Describe anatomy demonstrated in PA Chest

A

Air Filled trachea, lungs, domes of diaphragm, heart and aortic arch

40
Q

Evaluation criteria of PA chest should include:
Sternal ends are ____ distant from vertebral col
Scapula should be____
Entire lung fields from _____ to _____ ____
and __ ribs are seen above diaphragm
and _____ should be seen through the heart’s shadow

A

equal distant, outside, apices to costophrenic angles, 10 ribs,

41
Q

Chest views are done upright when possible to avoid____ of vessels and check separation of these 2 things.

A

engorgements, air fluid lvls

42
Q

Lateral chest is normally done in left to demonstrate ____, the _____, and LEFT sided ______ lesions

A

heart, aorta, pulmonary

43
Q

when Right lat chest is done, it is trying to show RIGHT sided _____ lesions, ______ fissures, ______ lobes, and _____ pulmonary lesions

A

pulmonary, interlobar, differentiate, localized

44
Q

In lateral chest, what should be at the center of the radiograph?

A

Hilum

45
Q

When would you perform an inspiration/expiration PA chest?

A

When you want to demonstrate atelectasis and foreign body objects

46
Q

In lordotic position (AP axial projection), how high should the IR be from the shoulder?, CR is at the lvl of ____ of st____ BUT if pt cannot assume position, CR needs to be angled at __ - __ degrees _____ entering at ____

A

3”, Mid of sternum, 15-20 cephalad, manubrium

Block 3 (7 decks)

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