Chest Flashcards
3 Divisions of Pharynx
Naso, oro, and laryngopharynx
A cone shaped structure that is a passage way for food and air….
Pharynx
Organ of the voice vs. Glottis
Larynx, glottis is the actual voice box (vocal apparatus)
How many cartilage rings does the trachea have?
16-20
Hook like ring at the end of trachea before it bifurcates is called
Carina
what does Trachea bifurcates into?
Right and left Primary Bronchi
how long is the Pharynx? ( in cm and inch)
13cm, 5”
The pharynx extends from ____ of _____ and basilar portion of _____ to lvl of __ or ___ cervical vertebra
body of sphenoid, occipital, 6th/7th
what part of the nasopharynx prevents liquid and foods from entering nasal cavity?
Uvula
Oropharynx extends from soft palate to the lvl of ____ bone
hyoid bone
what two tonsils exists in the oropharynx?
Palatine tonsils and lingual
This portion of the pharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the esophagus
laryngopharynx
This organ of the voice is suspended by the hyoid bone and is about 3.8cm (1.5”) long
Larynx
another name for Thyroid cartilage?
Adam’s apple
Where does the larynx start? and where does it end?
C4 - C6
what are all part of the larynx? 3 items
Thyroid cartilage, Glottis, and Epiglottis
Nomenclature of Trachea
Where is the origin-ends?
How long is it?
how wide is it?
Starts at c6 and ends at T4-T5
It is about 11cm long or 4.5”
The width is about 1.3cm
Is left primary bronchi wider than Right? Why?
No it is not, b/c it only has to supply air to 2 lobes of the left lung
Primary bronchi turns into …. and what is the other name? how many on the right side and left?
Secondary Bronchi, lobar. 3 on the right and 2 on the left
What does the lobar bronchi turn into? what is special about this bronchi?
Tertiary bronchi (segmental), it is the last division of the bronchi that contains cartilage
This structure in the lungs are replaced by smooth muscle that regulates airway resistance
Bronchioles
what communicates with alveolar ducts?
Terminal Bronchioles
what is the functional unit of the lungs???
Alveoli
Describe Mediastinum in relation to:
Lungs, Sternum, Thoracic spine
medially to lungs, posterior to sternum, anterior to spine
what are the structures inside the Mediastinum?
Great vessels, Thymus gland, heart, esophagus, Lymphatic structures, trachea, nerves and fat
what anatomical structure secretes Thymosin and is also in charge of controlling lymphatic system, play critical role in maturation of immune system THEN atrophies as human ages?
Thymus gland
Narrow muscular tube that is about 23cm (9”) long that
Esophagus
what is the organ of respiration?
Lungs
what elastic substance exists in the lungs?
parenchyma
What are the 3 lung fields?
Apices, Hilum, and Costophrenic angles
what are the 3 portions of the right lung? and how many on the left? what does the left lung has that the right doesn’t ?
Superior, Middle, and inferior lobes
Left, has Superior and inferior lobes + Cardiac notch
what fissures exists on the right and left lung?
Horizontal Fissure, interlobar oblique fissure ( on the Right side it is between middle and inferior AND on the left it is btwn Superior and inferior)
what organ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?
Diaphragm
Pleural Cavity is lined by serous membranes, what covers the lungs and what lines the cavity?
Visceral pleura cover the lungs and Parietal Pleura lines the walls of cavity
what nerve controls contraction of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
what’s the origin - insertion of the diaphragm?
Posterior of the xiphoid process and inserts at the 3rd lumbar vertebra
what muscles intertwine btwn ribs (which elevate ribs and which lower ribs)? Which helps in inspiration and which helps with expiration?
Intercostal muscles, External helps with elevation of the ribs during inspiration and Internal helps with lowering the ribs during Expiration
What group of conditions make up the COPD?
Asthma, Emphysema, and Bronchitis
Describe anatomy demonstrated in PA Chest
Air Filled trachea, lungs, domes of diaphragm, heart and aortic arch
Evaluation criteria of PA chest should include:
Sternal ends are ____ distant from vertebral col
Scapula should be____
Entire lung fields from _____ to _____ ____
and __ ribs are seen above diaphragm
and _____ should be seen through the heart’s shadow
equal distant, outside, apices to costophrenic angles, 10 ribs,
Chest views are done upright when possible to avoid____ of vessels and check separation of these 2 things.
engorgements, air fluid lvls
Lateral chest is normally done in left to demonstrate ____, the _____, and LEFT sided ______ lesions
heart, aorta, pulmonary
when Right lat chest is done, it is trying to show RIGHT sided _____ lesions, ______ fissures, ______ lobes, and _____ pulmonary lesions
pulmonary, interlobar, differentiate, localized
In lateral chest, what should be at the center of the radiograph?
Hilum
When would you perform an inspiration/expiration PA chest?
When you want to demonstrate atelectasis and foreign body objects
In lordotic position (AP axial projection), how high should the IR be from the shoulder?, CR is at the lvl of ____ of st____ BUT if pt cannot assume position, CR needs to be angled at __ - __ degrees _____ entering at ____
3”, Mid of sternum, 15-20 cephalad, manubrium
