lower arm and hand

Question 1

how are the phalanges named / classified?

Answer 1

proximal, middle, and distal

Question 2

the Olecranon is the proximal part of the ____ bone

Answer 2

Ulna

Question 3

which is longer, ulna or radius?

Answer 3

ulna, it extends more proximally

Question 4

what is on the posterior surface of the ulna?

Answer 4

the Olecranon

Question 5

differences between the anterior and posterior view of the hand?

Question 6

how are the fingers numbered?

Answer 6

Thumbs is always 1, pinky always 5

Question 7

how many phalanges are in each finger?

Answer 7

3 phalanges in each finger, only 2 in thumb

Question 8

how are the phalanges named / classified?

Answer 8

proximal, middle, and distal

Question 9

Location and purpose of interosseus membrane?

Answer 9

Location: between radius and ulna
Purpose: increases surface area for
muscle attachment

Question 10

UPDATE
Name the joints of the wrist and hand, using reference image (A-E)

Answer 10

UPDATE
see image

Question 11

ADD IMAGE
Radius + Ulna in SUPINATION (anatomical position)

Answer 11

ADD IMAGE
- Forearm is supinated = radius and ulna are parallel to one another
- Radial tuberosity faces anteriorly

Question 12

ADD IMAGE
Radius + Ulna in PRONATION

Answer 12

ADD IMAGE
- Forearm in pronated = radius is medially rotated around stationary ulna
- Radial tuberosity faces posterior
- Proximal radioulnar joint: head of radius pivots around its long axis
- Distal radioulnar joint: distal radius pivots around the head of the ulna

Question 13

Distal Radioulnar Joint: permits which movements?

Answer 13

• medial/lateral rotation
• pronation/supination of forearm
  *The head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of distal radius

Question 14

Proximal Radioulnar Joint: permits which movements?

Answer 14

• medial/lateral rotation
• pronation/supination of forearm
  *Head of radius articulates with radial
  notch of proximal ulna

Question 15

Elbow Joint:
- permits which movements?
- what are it’s 2 articulations?

Answer 15

• flexion / extension
  Articulations:
  1. Humeroulnar (teal)
  2. Humeroradial (purple)

Question 16

two carpal bones that can’t be palpated

Answer 16

lunate and trapezoid

Question 17

How is ulna different from radius?

Answer 17

• ulna is located medially
• is longer than the radius
• proximal end (upper part) is larger compared to its distal end

Question 18

how is the radius different then the ulna?

Answer 18

radius is shorter and located more laterally

Question 19

Ulna articulates with ….

Answer 19

the humerus proximally and the radius distally

Question 20

Label parts, anterior view ulna + radius

Answer 20

Anterior view, Ulna and radius
A = trochlear notch
B = olecranon process
C = coronoid process
D = head of ulna
E = ulnar styloid process

Question 21

Bone? View? Landmarks?

Answer 21

A = head of radius
B = neck of radius
C = radial tuberosity
D = radial styloid process
E = carpal articular surface

Question 22

what occurs at the radial tuberosity, and what does it allow for?

Answer 22

• insertion site for tendon of the bicep
• allows for pronation of forearm

Question 23

Bones? Names? Mneumonic?

Answer 23

Carpals - Anterior view
Straight Line to Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
A = scaphoid
B = lunate
C = triquetrum
D = pisiform
E = hamate
F = capitate
G = trapezoid
H = trapezium

Question 24

largest carpal bone

Answer 24

capitate

Question 25

what is the joint in green? permits what movement?

Answer 25

green: proximal radioulnar joint
- permits medial/lateral rotation →
pronation/supination of forearm

Question 26

distal radioulnar joint permits what movement?

Answer 26

• permits medial and lateral rotation, and therefore pronation and supination of the forearm

Question 27

what muscle mainly helps initiate supination of forearm?

Answer 27

bicep

Question 28

what happens when forearm is pronated?
… to the proximal radioulnar joint?
…to the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 28

• radius is medially rotated around stationary ulna
• radial tuberosity faces posteriorly
• proximal radioulnar joint → head of radius pivots around its long axis
• distal radioulnar joint → distal radius pivots around the head of the ulna