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MSK missing > Lower Arm > Flashcards

Lower Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Borders cubital fossa

A

Medial- lateral pronator teres
Superior- epi condyle
Lateral- medial brachioradialis

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2
Q

Contents cubital fossa

A

radial nerve
biceps Tendon
brachial Artery
median Nerve

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3
Q

Muscles anterior forearm

A

Superficial (MEDIAN except for FCU)
- FCU, FCR, pronator teres, palmaris longus

Medial
- FDS (median)

Deep
- FPL, PDP, pronator quadratus

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4
Q

Lateral tendinopathy

A
  • extensor
  • tennis
  • tears in extensor carpi radialis brevis
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5
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

Inflammation of olecranon bursa

  • repeated trauma
  • transilluminates
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6
Q

proximal and distal articulations wrist joint

A

Proximal articulating surface –
Proximal row of carpal bones (minus pisiform)
• Distal articulating surface –
Distal end of radius + articular disk

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7
Q

flexion wrist

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis (+ FDS), palmaris longus

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8
Q

extension wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris (+ extensor digitorum)

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9
Q

abduction wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, flexor carpi radialis, APL

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10
Q

adduction wrist

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

extension at MCP, flexion at IP

A

lumbricals. lateral- median, medial- ulnar

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12
Q

abduction at MCPJ

A

dorsal interossei, ulnar

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13
Q

adduction at MCPJ

A

palmar interossei, ulnar

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14
Q

thenar muscles

A

opponens polliicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis. MEDIAN

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15
Q

hypothenar

A

opponens digiti minimi, abdictor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis. ULNAR

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16
Q

adductor

A

adductor pollicis, ULNAR

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17
Q

central

A

four lumbricals and palmaris brevis. median (lumbricals) ulnar (PB)

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18
Q

LOAF

A 
median muscles.
 lateral two lumbricals.
opponens pollicis.
abductor pollicis brevis.
flexor pollicis brevis.
19
Q

boundaries anatomical snuffbox

A

Medial border: extensor pollicis longus TENDON

Lateral border:
extensor pollicis brevis + abductor pollicis longus TENDONS

Proximal border: radial styloid process

Floor: scaphoid and trapezium

• Roof:
skin

20
Q

contents anatomical snuffbox

A

radial artery, superficial radial nerve, cephalic vein

21
Q

scaphoid fracture

A
  • FOOSH
  • pain anatomical snuffbo
  • avascular necrosis dorsal radial artery damaged
  • splint or screw
22
Q

complications scaphoid fracture

A

malunion, non union, avascular necrosis

23
Q

roof and floor of carpal tunnel

A

Floor: carpal bones

• Roof: flexor retinaculum

24
Q

carpal tunnel

A

Compression of the median nerve can result in symptoms of weakness, paraesthesia and pain, known as carpal tunnel syndrome
Usually worse during the night and relieved by shaking of the hand

25
Q

treatment carpal tunnel

A
  1. Conservative management • Wrist splint worn at night particularly, preventing flexion of wrist • Corticosteroid injections if initial management unsuccessful
  2. Surgical management • Carpal tunnel release surgery – cutting through the flexor retinaculum to reduce the pressure • Incomplete release can result in persistent carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms
26
Q

colles fracture

A

dorsal displacement of distal radius fracure, dinner fork deformity. FOOSH.

27
Q

smiths fracture

A

displaced ventrally

28
Q

dupuytrens contractures

A

thickened cord prevents straightening first.2 fingers

29
Q

3 classes of nerve injuries

A

neurapraxia- temporary palsy

axonotmesis- axon and myelin sheath continuity lost, wallerian degeneration

neurotmesis- severence, wallerian regeneratiom

30
Q

paracentral disc herniation vs far lateral vs central

A

paracentral- loss of traversing root

far lateral- loss of exiting root

central- compression of spinal cord

31
Q

piriformis syndrome

A

compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis.

-dull ache in buttock, sciatica pain

32
Q

meralgia paraesthesia

A

compression of lateral cutaenous femoral nerve as it passes through the inguinal ligament ror fascia lata. burning pain over lateral thigh. obesity, pregnancy.

33
Q

erbs palsy

A

shoulder dystochia.

  • c5/c6
  • arm medially rotated, adducted and elbow extended
34
Q

klumpkes palsy

A

forced hyperextension/abduction

  • c8/t1
  • claw hand, hyperextension of all MCPJ, abduction thumb
35
Q

longest spinous process?

A

c7

36
Q

jeffersons fracture

A

c1 fracture of anterior and posterior arches due to axial loading. no neuro injury

37
Q

hangman frscture

A

c2. pars interarticularis. forced hyperextension.

38
Q

odontoid process

A

hyperextension pr hyperflexion

39
Q

order of brachial plexus

A

real teenagers drink cold beer

roots
trunks (upper/middle/lower)
divisions (anterior/posterior)
cords (lateral posterior/medial)
branches
40
Q

roots musculocutaneous

A

3 musketeers

c5, c6, c7

41
Q

roots axillary

A

assasinated

c5, c6

42
Q

roots median

A

4 mice

c6, c7, c8, t1

43
Q

roots radial

A

5 rats

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

44
Q

roots ulnar

A

2 unicorns

c8, t1

MSK missing (8 decks)

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