knee

Question 1

how knee stailised

Answer 1

menisci to deepen tibial articulation, capsule , ligaments, muscles

Question 2

which ligaments

Answer 2

intracapsular- cruciate
capsule- oblique popliteal
extracapsular-collateral

Question 3

describe path of cruciate

Answer 3

PAMs APpLes
• Posterior passes Anterior inserts Medially
• Anterior passes Posterior inserts Laterally

Question 4

compare cruciate ligements

Answer 4

ACL- weaker of the two
• Relatively poor blood supply
• Limits anterior movement of Tibia on Femur
• PCL- stronger of the two
• Limits posterior movement of tibia on femur
• In weight bearing flexed knee- PCL is the main stabilizer

Question 5

role medial/lateral collateral

Answer 5

latera- varus forces

medial- valgus forces

Question 6

flexion knee

Answer 6

• Hamstrings: Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

SCIATIC

• Assisted by: Gracilis, sartorius, popliteus, gastrocnemius

Question 7

extension knee

Answer 7

• Quadriceps femoris (4 muscles)- Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

FEMORAL

inserts into tibial tuberosity

Question 8

medial rotation knee

Answer 8

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 9

lateral rotation knee

Answer 9

Biceps Femoris

SCIATIC

Question 10

femoral triangle boundaries

Answer 10

S- inguinal ligament
L- sartorius
M- adductor longus

Question 11

contents femoral triangle

Answer 11

Lateral to medial 
NAVEL
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
emoty space
lymph

Question 12

addcuctor canal boundaries

Answer 12

Anterior: Sartorius.  Lateral: Vastus medialis.  Posterior: Adductor longus and adductor magnus.

Question 13

thigh extension

Answer 13

rectus femoris and vastus muscles (femoral)

Question 14

thigh flexion

Answer 14

sartorius and pectineus (femoral)

Question 15

thigh adduction

Answer 15

adductor magnus/brevis/longus (obturator)

Question 16

how is patella dislocated

Answer 16

twisting action in slight fleion, falling on flexed knee

Question 17

how is menisucs injured

Answer 17

twisting injury in high flexion

Question 18

how is ACL vs PCL damaged

Answer 18

ACL- non contact. giivng way injury. surgical repair

PCL- contact. fall onto knee or hyperextension. no surgical repair

Question 19

cause bursitis

Answer 19

pre patellar- housemaids

infrapatellar- clergymans

Question 20

hallux rigidis

Answer 20

osteoarthritis of big toe - 1st MTP J

Question 21

planovalgus

Answer 21

adult onset flat foot

Question 22

which joints plantar/dorsiflexion and inversiom/eversion

Answer 22

plantar/dorsiflexion- ankle

inversiom/eversion- subtalar

Question 23

plantar flexion and inversion lower leg

Answer 23

tibial nerve, gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 24

dorsifleion lower leg

Answer 24

deep fibular nerve, tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL

Question 25

lateral rotation and plantarflexion lower leg

Answer 25

superficial fibular

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 26

order of stuff in tarsal tunnel

Answer 26

Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry
T: tibialis posterior
D: flexor digitorum longus
A: artery (posterior tibial)
V: vein (posterior tibial)
N: nerve (tibial)
H: flexor hallucis longus

Question 27

popliteal fossa

Answer 27

Superomedial border – semimembranosus.
Superolateral border – biceps femoris.
Inferomedial border – medial head of the gastrocnemius.
Inferolateral border – lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.

Question 28

contents popliteal fossa

Answer 28

Its contents are (medial to lateral):

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)