Lower Abdomen Flashcards
____ _____: entrance into stomach from esophagus
Cardiac orifice
_____ _____: exit of the stomach to duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
Stomach lined with _____: temporary folds w/in the body of the stomach
rugae
______ of the small intestine: fixed and relatively immoble
duodenum
____ and _____ of the small intestine: tethered, but very mobile
-combined length of 3 segments ~20ft
jejunum and ileum
_____ _____ of the small intestine: permanent folds w/in
- become more diffuse distally
- ileum empties into cecum at ileocecal junction
plicae cicularis
_____ (ileal) ______: remnant of embryonic yolk stalk
- appears as a finger like pouch
- located ~1m proximal to ileocecal valve
- may become inflamed and mimic appendicitis
Meckel’s diverticulum
_____ ______: opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice
-commonly retrocecal but varies
Veriform Appendix
Triangular mesentary=
mesoappendix
________:
- vague pain begins in the _____ _____ region
- -from afferent pain referred to _____ level
Appendicitis:
- periumbilical region
- T10
________:
- severe pain later from R lower quadrant
- from irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall
Appendicitis
_____:
-pain most severe over _________ pt btw ASIS and umbilicus
Appendicitis:
spinoumbilical pt
_____ _____:
- 5 segments and 2 flexures
- -“frames” small intestines
- –terminates into rectum
Large Intestine (colon)
Large Intestine 5 Segments:
- cecum
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
Large Intestine 2 Flexures:
R colic (hepatic) L colic (splenic)
_____ _____:
-3 smooth m bands paralleling length of colon
teniae coli
____ ____:
-outpouchings produced by teniae coli
haustra coli
_____ _____:
-fat tags found along the colon
epiploic appendages
____ ____ A:
- 2nd major branch of addominal aorta
- ~1cm inferior of celiac
Superior Mesenteric A
_____ _____ A:
- sends 15-18 intestinal aa to small intestines
- supplies up to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon via ileocolic, R colic and middle colic
Superior Mesenteric A
_____ _____ A:
- 3rd branch of abdominal aorta
- ~5 cm superior to aortic bifurcation
Inferior Mesenteric A
____ ____A:
-supplies colon from distal 1/3 transverse colon via L colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
Inferior Mesenteric A
Pancreatic AA:
-Gastroduodenal a gives off ______ _______ aa
-SMA gives off ______ ________ aa
(anastomose and supply head of pancreas and duodenum)
-______ a supplies rest of pancreas w/ additional branches
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal aa
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal aa
Splenic
_____ AA:
- lateral branches of abdominal aorta (lateral to SMA)
- enter hilum of each kidney to supply it
- sends off branches to adrenal glands and ureters
Renal AA
Other than Renal AA, ___ ___ aa and ____ branch to adrenal glands.
inferior phrenic aa and aorta
____ AA:
-lateral branches of abdominal aorta (inferior to renal aa)
Gonadal AA
___ aa:
- crosses over ureters and iliac vessels
- descends to pelvis to supply ovaries
Ovarian aa
____ aa:
- crosses over ureters and enters inguinal canal
- descends into scrotum to supply testes
Testicular aa
____ ____ ____:
- largest vein in body
- begins at ~L5 level at union of common iliac vv
Inferior Vena Cava
_____ _____ _____:
-returns poorly oxygenated blood from lower limbs, most of back, abdominal wall, abdominopelvic viscera to the RIGHT ATRIUM of heart
Inferior Vena Cava
_____ _____ _____:
-drains blood from viscera via Portal Venous System
Inferior Vena Cava
Portal-Caval Anastomoses:
- 4 anastomoses:
1. Gastric vv and _______
esophageal vv
Portal-Caval Anastomoses:
- 4 anastomoses:
2. Paraumbilical vv and _______
epigastric vv
Portal-Caval Anastomoses:
- 4 anastomoses:
3. Superior rectal vv and _______
middle/inferior rectal vv
Portal-Caval Anastomoses:
- 4 anastomoses:
4. colic vv and _______
retroperitoneal vv
Portal Venous System has _____ valves
-reversal of blood flow into caval vv is possible
–portal hypertension restricts blood flow causing caval vv to become engorged
(may then become dilated and varicose)
no
Dilated Caval Veins:
-dilated esophageal vv produce=
esophageal varices
Dilated Caval Veins:
-dilated epigastric vv produce=
caput medusae
Dilated Caval Veins:
-dilated inferior and middle rectal vv produce=
hemorrhoids
Innervation to viscera via :
autonomic n plexuses
Sympathetic fibers originate from __-__
T5-L2 (3)
thoracolumbar
Parasympathetic fibers originate from ___ and __-_
CN X and S2-4
craniosacral
Sympathetics of abdomen:
-preganglionic splanchinc nn synapse in ____ ____
collateral ganglia
Sympathetics of abdomen: -postganglionic fibers leave ganglia to reach effector organs traveling on all main arterial branches: \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ aa \_\_\_\_ and all their branches
celiac trunk
SMA
renal aa
IMA
Parasympathetics of Abdomen: -preganglionic nerves from \_\_\_\_ travel on upper arterial branches= \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ aa and all their branches
CN X
celiac trunk
SMA
renal aa
synapses occur w/in effector organs
Parasympathetics of Abdomen:
-preganglionic nerves from ___-___ travel on lower arterial branches=
____
and branches
S2-S4
IMA
synapses occur w/in effector organs
4 Major Autonomic Ganglia and Plexuses:
____ ganglion= plexus travels w. celiac branches
-receives thoracic splanchinic nn and CN X branches
Celiac Ganglion
4 Major Autonomic Ganglia and Plexuses:
_____ _____ ganglion= plexus travels w/ SMA branches
-receives thoracic splanchinic nn and CN X branches
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
4 Major Autonomic Ganglia and Plexuses:
_____ ganglion= plexus travels w/ renal branches
-receives thoracic splanchinic nn and CN X branches
Aorticorenal Ganglion
4 Major Autonomic Ganglia and Plexuses:
_____ ganglion= plexus travels w/ IMA branches
-receives lumbar splanchinic nn and S2-S4 branches
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
