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Undeleted > Embryo 1 > Flashcards

Embryo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

A

-epithelial lining and glands of GI tract

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2
Q

During ____ _____, endoderm from the _____ portion of the _____ ____ is incorporated into the embryo= forms the innermost lining of the gut tube.

A

body folding
dorsal portion
yolk sac

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3
Q

Gut Tube

A

-epithelial lining and glands of GI tract

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4
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm

A
  • smooth m and connective tissue of GI tract

- -includes mesenteries

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5
Q

Peritoneum

A

-serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal) and organs (visceral)

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6
Q

Mesentery

A

-double layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from the body wall (can contain CT, blood vessels, lymphatics, nn)

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7
Q

Mesogastrium

A

-lesser omentum= hepatogastric (liver to stomach) and hepatoduodenal (liver to duodenum) ligaments

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8
Q

Ectoderm contribution of GI Tract

A

-neural crest

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9
Q

Neural crest cells migrate into walls of the GI tract to form the ___ ___ ___.

A
  • enteric nervous system

- -neuroectoderm

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10
Q

-
-

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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11
Q

Arterial Supply to Pharynx

A

pharyngeal arch aa

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12
Q

Arterial Supply to Foregut

A

celiac trunk a

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13
Q

Arterial Supply to Midgut

A

superior mesenteric a (SMA)

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14
Q

Arterial Supply to Hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric a (IMA)

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15
Q

Foregut Derivatives:

  • P___
  • L___
  • E___
  • S___
  • D___
  • A___
A 
pharynx
lower respiratory system
esophagus
stomach
duodenum (prox 1/2)
associated organs (liver, gall bladder, biliary system, pancreas)
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16
Q

______ develops as the portion of the _____ immediately caudal to the pharynx.

A

Esophagus

Foregut

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17
Q

WEEK ___:

-_______ _______ appears on ventral side of foregut –will become the trachea, respiratory tree, and lungs)

A

4

respiratory diverticulum

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18
Q

_______ ______ grows in from the lateral sides of the foregut, dividing the foregut into the lower respiratory tract (ventrally) and esophagus (dorsally)

A

Tracheoesophageal Septum

WK 5= trachea splits to form lungs

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19
Q

______: the abnormal narrowing of lumen/orifice (tubular organ or structure)

A

Stenosis

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20
Q

_____: the condition in which a body lumen or orifice is abnormally closed or absent

A

Atresia

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21
Q

____: an abnormal passageway btw two organs/vessels or btw an organ and the external environment

A

Fistula

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22
Q

Risk of Polyhydramnios:

A

esophageal atresia
tracheoesophageal fistula

–too much amniotic fluid in amniotic cavity= needs to be swallowed for proper gut development

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23
Q

WEEK ___:

  • a portion of foregut caudal to esophagus begins to dilate uniformly
  • as stomach enlarges, its ____ side expands faster than the other sides and will become the ____ ____
  • _____ face of stomach will become the ____ ____
A 
4
dorsal
greater curvature
ventral
lesser curvatures
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24
Q

Stomach undergoes ___ ____ ____ (if looking from superior view)

A

90 degree clockwise rotation= quarter turn to right

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25
Q

Ventral side (lesser curvature) ends up on the ____

A

right

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26
Q

Dorsal side ends up on the ____

A

left

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27
Q

Right _____ n. now supplies _____ stomach.

A

vagus n

dorsal

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28
Q

Left ____ n. now supplies _____ stomach.

A

vagus n

ventral

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29
Q

_____ _____ _____: _____ of mainly the circular layer of smooth m narrows the _____ lumen, preventing the passage of stomach contents
=distended stomach
=projectile vomitint

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Sternosis

  • hypertrophy
  • pyloric
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30
Q

As stomach rotates, the ____ _____ is carried to the left.
This enlarges the _____ ____ (lesser sac of peritoneum) into a sizable recess btw the stomach and posterior abdominal wall.

A

dorsal mesogastrium

omental bursa

31
Q 
Omental Bursa ( \_\_ months)
-\_\_\_\_\_\_ carried to the left with \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
A

2 months

  • spleen
  • dorsal mesogastrium

–recess to allow for fluid movement of stomach

32
Q

_______ forms as a C shaped loop distal to the stomach

A

Duodenum

33
Q

______: proximal 1/2 is in _____ and is supplied by the ____ _____

A

Duodenum
foregut
celiac trunk

34
Q

______: distal 1/2 is in ______ and is supplied by the ___

A

Duodenum
midgut
SMA

35
Q

______ _____ _____: foregut-midgut split just to pening for pancreatic and common bile ducts

A

major duodenal papilla

36
Q

Duodenum and Pancreas become _______

A

retroperitoneal

37
Q

As stomach rotates, duodenum twists w/ it in a CW direction.
The _____ duodenum and pancreas become pressed against ____ ____ ____ (secondarily retroperitoneal).
Their dorsal _____ fuse w/ parietal _____ and are lost.

A

distal
posterior abdominal wall
mesenteries
peritoneum

38
Q

Duodenal Stenosis and Atresia:
Failure of lumen to recanalize by end of week ___.
Vomitus contains bile (green stained) if obstruction is distal to _____ ____ _____.

A

8

major duodenal papilla

39
Q

______ ______ emerges ventrally from endoderm of distal foregut (wk __), grows superiorly toward septum transversum and gives rise to ____, ___ ___, and ____ ____.

A 
Hepatic diverticulum
4
liver
gall bladder
bile ducts
40
Q

The liver, gall bladder, biliary tree, and pancreas all develop as ______ _______ from the _____ _____.

A

endodermal diverticula

distal foregut

41
Q

Pancreas emerges from the ____ ____ as 2 _______ buds: ____ bud and ___ bud

A

distal foregut
endodermal
dorsal
ventral

42
Q

As ______ rotates, _____ bud swings w/ it in CW direction until aligning and fusing w/ _____ bud.

A

duodenum
ventral
dorsal

43
Q

Ventral bud becomes ____ ____ + ____ ___ __ ____ of pancreas.

A

uncinate process

inferior portion of head

44
Q

___ ____ ___= distal portion of dorsal bud duct + ventral bud duct

A

main pancreatic duct

45
Q

____ _____ ____ = proximal dorsal bud duct

A

accessory pancreatic duct

46
Q

______ _____: ventral bud develops in 2 portions that usually fuse prior to rotation.
If they fail to fuse, each portion may wrap oppositely around the duodenum and fuse w/ the other. forming an obstructive ring.

A

Annular Pancreas

47
Q 
Midgut Derivatives:
Cranial Limb-
-D\_\_\_
-J\_\_\_
-I\_\_\_

Caudal Limb

  • I___
  • C/A___
  • A___
  • T___
A 
distal 1/2 duodenum (just after major duodenal papilla)
jejunum
ileum (proximal and distal)
cecum and appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 transverse colon
48
Q

______ ____ is the connection btw midgut and yolk and sac

-temporary

A

vitelline duct

49
Q

_____ ______ ______ (WK __-__):

-insufficient room in the abdominal cavity to temporary herniation of midgut loop into the proximal umbilical cord

A

Physiological Umbilical Herniation

WK 6-10

50
Q

______ ______:

  • persisting umbilical herniation
  • viscera covered by amnion and WITHIN proximal umbilical cord
A

Congenital Omphalocoele

51
Q

_______:

  • hernia is through the body wall and does not involve umbilical cord
  • exposure to amniotic fluid can damage viscera
A

Gastrochisis

52
Q

1st Midgut Rotation: WK __:
___ degree _____ rotation (when viewed anteriorly)
-_____ is axis of rotation

A

6
90
CCW
SMA

53
Q

2nd Midgut Rotation: WK __:
-as intestines return to abdomen
____ degree ____ rotation brings intestines to normal position

A

10
180
CCW

54
Q

Midgut and Hindgut Assume Definitive Positions:

  • ascending and descending colon become _____ _____
  • their dorsal mesenteries are lost after fusing w/ the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
A

secondarily retroperitoneal

55
Q

Intraperitoneal:

  • D___
  • J/I___
  • T___
  • S___
A

duodenum (proximal)
jejunum, ileum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

56
Q

Retroperitoneal:

  • D___
  • P___
  • A___
  • D___
  • K___
A 
duodenum (distal)
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
kidney (primary retroperitoneal)
57
Q

Nonrotation:

-caudal limb returns first and occupies the left side of abdominal cavity, resulting in a ___-____ ____

A

left-sided colon

58
Q

Normal 1st midgut:

-rotation of ___ degrees ___ w/in _____ ____

A

90
CCW
umbilical cord

59
Q

Reversed 2nd midgut:

-rotation of ____ degrees ___ as _____ return

A

180
CW
intestines

60
Q

Result of Reversed Rotation of Midgut:

  • net rotation is _____ degrees ____
  • midgut and hindgut in normal positions except ______ is central to TVC (doesn’t become retroperitoneal)
A

90
CW
duodenum

61
Q

______: abnormal rotation may cause intestinal loop twist around mesenteric attachment site
-can result in bowl obstruction/compromised blood flow leading to stenosis/atresia/ischemia/necrosis

A

volvulus

62
Q

Intestines become temporarily occluded by epithelial cells at wk ___
-should recanalize by the end of wk __

A

6

8

63
Q

______ (______) ______:
-remnant of the _____ (omphaloenteric) duct persists as a finger like outpounching of the ileum
~~40-60 cm from ileocecal junction

-may contain pancreatic tissue/gastric mucosa that secretes acid, causing ulcers and bleeding

A

Meckel’s (Ileal) Diverticulum

vitelline

64
Q

Hindgut Derivatives:

  • T___
  • D___
  • S___
  • R___
  • A___
A 
distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
(derived from posterior portion of the cloaca after it is partitioned by the urorectal septum)
sigmoid colon
rectum superior portion of anal canal
65
Q

_____ _____: grows inferiorly toward the cloacal membrane, dividing it into urogenital and anal membranes and partitioning the ___ into the ____ ____ (ventrally) and the ____ ____ (dorsally)

A

Urorectal Septum
cloaca
urogenital sinus
anorectal canal

66
Q

Arterial Supply of Anal Canal from hindgut:

A

superior rectal a

67
Q

Arterial Supply of Anal Canal from proctodeum:

A

inferior rectal a

68
Q

______: can result if the urorectal septum fails to completely separate the hindgut from the urogenital sinus or if the cloaca is too small

A

Fistulas

69
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Aganglionic Megacolon):
-affects variable portions of the bowel where \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ cells fail to migrate to form the \_\_\_\_ NS

-anganglionic portion constricts, bowel distends proximal to constriction, can lead to severe constipation/failure to thrive

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease
neural crest
enteric

70
Q

Gastrulation begins:

A

WK 3

71
Q

Mesenteries:

  • Ventral Mesogastrium:
  • Dorsal Mesogastrium:
  • Mesoduodenum
  • Mesentery Proper:
  • Mesocolon:
A 
Ventral= lesser omentum; falciform lig
Dorsal= great omentum
Proper= small intestines
Colon= large intestine
72
Q

Dorsal Mesogastrium –> Greater Omentum=

A

starts from the greater curve of the stomach to the transverse colon

73
Q

Retroperitoneal:

A

behind/outside the abdominal cavity

Primarily (kidneys) vs Secondary (pancreas and duodenum)

74
Q

Total Turn of Stomach:

A

CCW 270 degrees

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