Louse infestations Flashcards
what are the physical characteristics of lice?
wingless, dorsoventrally flattened insects, 1-8mm long
what are lice obligate ectoparasites of?
birds and mammals
define pediculosis
infestation with lice
where is the life cycle of the lice completed?
on the host
define pediculosis
infestation with lice
what are eggs (nits) attached to on the host?
hairs or feathers
what type of metamorphosis do lice have?
hemimetabolous
what is another word for lice?
Phthiraptera
how many nymphal instars do lice have?
3
how are lice transmitted?
direct contact
can lice survive off the host?
only a few days
what are the two main groups of lice?
anoplura - sucking lice
mallophaga - chewing (biting) lice
which lice infests only mammals?
anoplura
which lice infests birds and mammals?
mallophaga
which lice feed on blood and are slow moving?
anoplura
which lice move rapidly and feed on feathers, epidermal scales, sebum?
mallophaga
are there any mallophaga lice that feed on blood?
some species
what are physical characteristics of anoplura?
head narrower than prothorax
what are physical characteristics of mallophaga?
head broader than prothorax
which lice is anoplura and which is mallophaga?
what pediculosis more prevalent in? (age, nutrition, conditions)
-young and old
-malnourished and sick
-living under unsanitary or crowded conditions
what can mild to moderate pediculosis cause?
-pruritis and dermatitis -> scratching, rubbing & biting of infested areas
-poor hair, feather, and body condition
-restlessness & disruption of feeding, sleeping, etc.
what can severe pediculosis cause?
alopecia, production losses, secondary bacterial infections, anemia (sucking lice), death
Do lice transmit pathogens or parasitic worms?
some lice spp.
what lice move relatively quickly?
chewing lice
what lice move slower?
suckling lice, mouthparts may be embedded in the skin
what can you do to ID lice?
transfer louse into saline, glycerin, or mineral oil on a microscope slide, use forceps or needle moistened w/ same liquid
what are treatments for louse infestations?
insecticides, antiparisitic drugs
what are prevention & control methods for louse infections?
-disinfect environment and fomites
-prevent clean or recently treated animals from exposure to infested animals, fomites, and environments
what pathogens are known to be transmitted by poultry lice?
none
what can heavy poultry lice infestations cause?
feather loss, lameness, reduced weight gain, decreased reproductive/laying performance, death
which is the chicken body louse?
Menacanthus stramineus
what is the shaft louse?
Menopon gallinae
what louse rests on the feather shaft and then runs onto body when disturbed?
Menopon gallinae
what louse eggs are in clusters at the base of the feathers especially around the vent?
Menacanthus stramineus
what louse is this?
Menacanthus stramineus
what louse is this?
Menopon gallinae
Where are the eggs of Menopon gallinae located?
attached individually or in clusters to base of feather in breast and thigh region
what can heavy infestations of lice on dogs and cats cause?
severe pruitus, restlessness, intense scratching, a ruffled or rough matted coat, alopecia
what type of louse if Linognathus setosus?
dog sucking louse
what is the predilection site of Lingognathus setonus?
head, neck, and should areas (especially under collar)
what type of louse is trichodectes canis?
dog chewing louse
where is Trichodectes canis found?
head, neck, tail, orifices, and wounds seeking moisture
what is Trichodectes canis the intermediate host of?
tapeworm Dipylidium caninum
what type of louse is Felicola subrostratus?
cat chewing louse
what is the predilection site of Felicola subrostratus?
face, back, and pinnae
what type of cattle are mixed infestations of lice common in ?
young animals
what cattle lice has infestations increase in colder weather?
All but tail louse
what can suckling lice of cattle transmit?
bovine anaplasmosis, dermatomycosis (ringworm), and theileriasis
what type of louse is Linognathus vituli?
longnosed cattle louse
where is Linognathus vituli found?
skin of head, neck, and dewlap
what do longnosed cattle louse look like on hosts?
formed dense clusters
how are Linognathus vituli positioned while feeding?
body extended upright
what type of louse are Haematopinus eurysternus?
shortnosed cattle louse
what is the predilection site for the shortnosed cattle louse?
head (around horns and eyes), neck, dewlap, and base of tail
where is Hamatopinus eurysternus most prevalent in the US?
great plains and rocky mountain regions
what type of louse are Solenopotes capillatus?
little blue cattle louse
where are the little blue cattle louse found?
head, neck, shoulder, dewlap, back and tail
how do Solenopotes capillatus tend to be found?
in distinct clusters
what is the smallest of the sucking lice that infest cattle?
little blue cattle louse
what type of louse is this cattle infected with?
little blue cattle louse
blue patch = infected area
what type of louse is Hametopinus quadripertusus?
cattle tail louse
where is the cattle tail louse found?
tropics and subtropics (flordia, gulf coast region, southern cali)
what is the predilection site of Hematopinus quadripertusus?
tail and perineum
when is the cattle tail louse most abundant?
during the summer
how can nymphs of Haematopinus quadripertusus be spread?
between animals by flies
what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis?
cattle chewing louse
where are Damalinia bovis found on the host?
head, neck, shoulders, back, and rump
what is a distinguishing physical feature of Damalinia bovis?
dark transverse bands on abdomen
what cattle chewing louse is capable of parthenogenesis?
Damalinia bovis
which cattle lice are Anopluea?
longnosed cattle louse
shortnosed cattle louse
little blue cattle louse
cattle tail louse
when do infestations of lice of sheep and goats tend to increase?
periods of cold weather
what is Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis also known as?
sheep body louse
what is the predilection site of the sheep body louse?
back, neck, and shoulders
what is the activity level of Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis?
active - roams in wool all over body
what is Linognathus ovillus also known as?
sheep face louse?
what is the predilection site for sheep face louse?
face
where does Linognathus ovillus spread to at higher densities?
other parts of the body
what is sheep face louse a vector for?
Mycoplasma ovis
what type of louse is the sheep face louse?
anoplura
what is Linognathus pedalis also called?
sheep foot louse
what is the predilection site of sheep foot louse?
feet, legs, and belly
where is Linognathus pedalis found?
USA, south america, south africa, and australia
how long can the sheep foot louse survive off of the host?
1 week, transmission can occur from contaminated pasture and housing
what species does Linognathus pedalis have as hosts?
mostly sheep sometimes goats
what type of louse is sheep foot louse?
anoplura
what is another name for Linognathus africanus?
african blue louse
where can african blue louse be found?
worldwide - tropical and subtropical climates
USA - SW, W, and S states
where do Linognathus africanus prefer to be in sheep and goats?
back and ribs - sheep
body, head, neck - goats
what do infestations occur in of African blue louse?
mule deer, white-tailed deer, and other wild ruminants
what is Linognathus stenopsis also called?
goat sucking louse
where is the goat sucking louse found?
over the entire body
what does Linognathus stenopsis infest?
goats and sheep
short-haired and angora breeds
when Linognathus stenopsis infests sheep where is it found?
hindlegs and back
what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) spp.?
mallophaga
where are Damalinia spp. found?
over entire body of host
what is Damalinia caprae also called?
goat biting louse
what is D. caprae more common on?
short haired goats
how are lice of equids transmitted?
direct contact via contaminated grooming equipments, blankets, and tack
what pathogens are transmitted by lice of equids?
none known
what is Damalinia (Bovicola) equi also called?
horse chewing louse
where are horse chewing louses found on the host?
neck, flanks, and tail base
when are numbers greatest for Damalinia (Bovicola) equi?
winter coat at most dense
what breeds are more prone to infestation of horse chewing louse?
longer-hair breeds
If Damalinia (Bovicola) equi was found over the entire body of the horse what would that indicate about the infestation level?
severe
what is harmatopinus asini also called?
horse sucking louse
what is the predilection site for the horse sucking louse?
sites with coarse hair - fetlock, mane, tail base, fetlock area
what can heavy infestation of Haematopinus asini cause?
anemia and loss of appetite, weight, and vitality
what is Haematopinus suis also called?
hog louse
where are hog louse found?
worldwide - wherever swine are raised
what areas do Haematopinus suis prefer?
thick skin - neck, jowl, flank, inner side of legs, within ears
what is the hog louse a vector of?
swine pox virus
