Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian Diseases

Question 1

Is cryptosporidium considered a coccidia?

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

what is a zoite?

Answer 2

elongated, motile cell

Question 3

what is an oocyst?

Answer 3

environmentally resistant stage

Question 4

what does oocysts contain?

Answer 4

infective sporozoites, located within sporocysts

Question 5

Are most cryptosporidium host specific or broad?

Answer 5

mostly host specific

Question 6

what does cryptosporidium damage?

Answer 6

infect/damage mucosal epithelial cell

Question 7

what type of life cycle does Cryptosporidium have?

Answer 7

direct

Question 8

what type of transmission does Cryptosporidium that infect the GI tract have?

Answer 8

feecal-oral

Question 9

what type of transmission does Cryptosporidium that infect the respiratory tract have?

Answer 9

droplet transmision

Question 10

what is Schizogeny

Answer 10

meronts divide -> merozoites -> infect host cells -> merontsm -> repeat

Question 11

what is gametogeny?

Answer 11

subset of merozoites infect host cells and develop into gamonts -> gametes

Question 12

what is fertilization?

Answer 12

zygotes -> ooxysts

Question 13

what is the sporogeny of Cryptosporidium?

Answer 13

oocysts sporulate (sporozoites develop) endogenously (inside host)

Question 14

what is a thin-walled oocyst?

Answer 14

sporozoites excyst and reinfect host

Question 15

what is a thick-walled oocyst?

Answer 15

infective when shed, viable for months, resists disinfectants

Question 16

what does gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis cause?

Answer 16

gastroentereitis

Question 17

what is seen in most hosts infected with gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 17

mild to moderate, watery, self-limited diarrhea

Question 18

what are the hosts of C. parvum?

Answer 18

ruminants, horses

Question 19

what are the hosts of C. baileyi?

Answer 19

poultry

Question 20

what is a large risk of C. parvum?

Answer 20

zoonotic, transmit to humans

Question 21

what are the primary hosts of respiratory cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 21

avian hosts

Question 22

what cryptosporidium causes respiratory and gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis

Answer 22

C. baileyi

Question 23

how do you diagnose Cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 23

clinical signs and…
microscopic ID of oocysts
ELISA
PCR

Question 24

what is used to treat cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 24

nirazoxanide (calves)
paraomomycin (dogs and cats)
supportive therapy (main use)

Question 25

how can cryptosporidiosis be prevented?

Answer 25

enforce strict sanitation and good management isolate affected animals

Question 26

what does Eimeria spp. largely impact?

Answer 26

ruminants and poultry

Question 27

what do most Eimeria spp. infect?

Answer 27

GI tract - enterocytes and/or cells in lamina propria

Question 28

Are the predilection sites of Eimeria always the same?

Answer 28

no varies by species

Question 29

what type of life cycle does Eimeria have?

Answer 29

direct

Question 30

How is Eimeria transmitted?

Answer 30

fecal-oral

Question 31

what is the enteric cycle of Eimeria spp.?

Answer 31

schizogeny, gametogeny, fertilization, oocyst production

Question 32

what is the sporogony of EImeria spp.?

Answer 32

oocysts typically sporulate exogenously (outside host)

Question 33

what is the host of E. tenella?

Answer 33

chicken

Question 34

what is the host of E. bovis?

Answer 34

bovine

Question 35

how do you diagnose Eimeria induced coccidiosis?

Answer 35

clinical signs and... microscopic ID - fecal float

Question 36

what is the treatment of Eimeria-induced coccidiosis?

Answer 36

self-limiting - spontaneous recovery w/out treatment is common anticoccidial drugs supportive thearpy

Question 37

what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in cattle?

Answer 37

amprolium

Question 38

what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in small ruminants?

Answer 38

amprolium

Question 39

what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in poultry?

Answer 39

amprolium

Question 40

what is the preventention/control of Eimeria-induced Coddidiosis?

Question 41

what type of life cycle does Cystoisospora spp.?

Answer 41

direct life cycle with fecal oral transmission + transmission via ***paratenic host***

Question 42

what is the transmission of Cystoisospora spp.?

Answer 42

fecal-oral

Question 43

Are Cystoisospora spp. host specific?

Answer 43

strictly host specific

Question 44

what does Cystoisospora spp. infect?

Answer 44

GI tract - primary enterocytes, host cell ruptured/destroyed

Question 45

what is the Cytoisospora that infects swine?

Answer 45

C. suis

Question 46

what is the Cytoisospora that infects dogs?

Answer 46

C. canis

Question 47

what is the Cytoisospora that infects felines?

Answer 47

C. felis & C. rivolta

Question 48

what are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 48

felids (wild and domestic)

Question 49

How are felids typically infected with Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 49

eating tissue cysts harbored by infected intermediate hosts

Question 50

what is the enteric cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 50

schizogeny and gametogeny in felid enterocytes -> oocysts shed in feces

Question 51

How do oocysts sporulate for Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 51

***oocysts sporulate exogenously***

Question 52

what is the consequence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts sporulating exogenously?

Answer 52

infective to intermediate hosts and felids