Lots of eye things Flashcards
What is a subjunctival haemorrhage?
blood vessels in the conjunctiva splits due to clotting syndromes or uncontrolled high BP
What does a red eye plus ache plus referred pain up to eyebrow indicate?
intraocular inflammation
What eye problems can marfans syndrome cause?
dislocated lens - ectopia lens - resulting in decreased visual acuity
What eye problems can Stevens-johnson syndrome cause?
symble-pharon (partial or complete adhesion of palprebral conjunctiva to the bulbar conjunctiva), occlusion of the lacrimal glands and cornea ulcers
What is the arsal conjunctiva?
part on the back of the lid
What is the bulbar conjunctiva?
conjuctiva on the white part of the eye
What is belpharitis?
inflammed eyelids
What is anterior blepharitis?
seborrhoeic scales on lashes OR
staphylococcal infection involving the lash follicle
the lid margin will be redder than the deeper part of the lid
What are the two types of anterior blepharitis?
seborrhoeic
staphylococcal
What are the signs of seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis?
lid margin red
lots of scales and dandruff
NO ULCERATION
What are the signs of staphylococcal blepharitis?
lid margin red lashes distorted loss of lashes ingrowing lashes styes - inflammation of hair follicles ulcers of lid margins corneal staining marginal ulcers tipee sign - lashes stick together
What are the signs of posterior blepharitis?
NORMAL lid margin, skin and lashes meibomian gland openings swollen and pouty dried secretion at gland openings Meibomian cysts associated with acne rosacea
What is posterior blepharitis?
Meibomian gland dysfunction - oil secreting glands
lid margin normal, redness will be DEEPER in the lid
How is blepharitis treated?
good eye hygiene
supplementary tear drops
oral doxycycline for 2-3 months
What can cause anterior uveitis?
autoimmune: renters, ulcerative colitis, ankolosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis
malignancy: leukeamia
infective: TB, syphilis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster
other: idiopathic trauma
What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis?
pain referred pain to ipsilateral brow reduced vision photophobia circumcorneal red eye
What are the signs of anterior uveitis?
circumcorneal injection cells and flare (proteins leaking out) in anterior chamber keratic precipitaates hypopyon synechiae - small or irregular pupil
What is the managment of anterior uveitis?
topical steroids - pred forte 1%
mydriatics - cyclopentrolate 1%
investigate if chronic or reoccuring
What is episcleritis?
inflammation of the episclera (on top of the sclera) - not serious
What is episcleritis associated with?
gout
What is the treatment for episcleritis?
topical NSAIDs
lubricants
mild steroids
How do you determine between episcleritis and scleritis?
give a topical vasoconstrictor drop - scleritis will not blanche
What is scleritis?
inflammation of the sclera - serious disease
What is scleritis associated with?
GPA
RA
What is the presentation of scleritis?
extremely painful eyeball - will wake patients up from sleep
injections of the deep vascular plexus
What is the treatment of scleritis?
oral NSAIDs
oral steroids
steroid sparing agents
