Anatomy

Question 1

What bones make up the orbit?

Answer 1

zygoamtic
spehoid
ethmoid
frontal 
maxillary
lacrimal
nasal

Question 2

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 2

opthalmic veins

Question 3

What passes through the supraorbital notch/foramen?

Answer 3

nerves to go to the skin on the forehead

Question 4

What walls does an orbital blowout fracture usually affect?

Answer 4

medial wall and orbital floor

Question 5

What is the CT sign of an orbital blow out?

Answer 5

teardrop sign

Question 6

What do the eyelids contain?

Answer 6

tarsal plates - maintain shape and secrete oil
tarsal glands - secrete lipids
orbital septium - sheet of fasica that stops spread of things to brain
orbicularis oculi - closes the eye (CN VII)

Question 7

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 7

palpebral - inner

orbital - outer

Question 8

What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 8

produces tears

Question 9

What is the nerve supply to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 9

parasympathetic CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 10

What is the pathway of tears?

Answer 10

Produced by the lacrimal glands, pushed to the medial angle, drains to the lacrimal puncta, reaches the inferior meatus of nasal cavity (hole)

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

Answer 11

outer fibrous layer
vascular layer
photosensitive layer

Question 12

What is included in the outer fibrous layer?

Answer 12

sclera

cornea

Question 13

What is included in the vascular layer?

Answer 13

ciliary body
iris
choroid

Question 14

What is the anterior segment of the eye?

Answer 14

part infront of the lens

Question 15

What is the posterior segment of the eye?

Answer 15

part behind the lens

Question 16

What makes up the anterior segment of the eye?

Answer 16

anterior chamber - between cornea and sclera

posterior chamber - between iris and suspensory ligaments

Question 17

What does the anterior segment of the eye contain?

Answer 17

aqueous humour

Question 18

What secretes aqueous humour?

Answer 18

ciliary bodies

Question 19

What does the posterior segment contain?

Answer 19

vitreous humour (contained in the vitreous body)
cioquets canal

Question 20

What connects the cornea and the sclera?

Answer 20

limbus

Question 21

How is aqueous humour circulated?

Answer 21

produced by ciliary body
circulated within the posterior chamber and nourishes the lens
passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber and nourishes the cornea
reabsorbed into the scleral venous sinus at the intercorneal angle

Question 22

Where does the opthalmic artery come off, what does it give off?

Answer 22

internal carotid artery

gives off ciliary arteries, nasal cavity branches and central artery of the retina

Question 23

What is the venous drainage of the eye?

Answer 23

superior and inferior opthalmic vein

Question 24

What 3 structures are found in the fundus of the retina?

Answer 24

macula
optic disc
fovea

Question 25

What is the optic disc?

Answer 25

exit/entry point for all blood vessels and axons of CNII | devoid of all photoreceptors

Question 26

What is the macula?

Answer 26

greatest density of cones meaning it has the highest visual acuity

Question 27

What is the fovea?

Answer 27

center of the macula

Question 28

From anterior -> posterior, describe the layers of the retina?

Answer 28

arteries and veins axons of ganglion cells ganglion cells photoreceptor cells

Question 29

What would obstruction of the retinal branch artery/vein result in?

Answer 29

loss of the corresponding visual field

Question 30

What would interruption of flow to the central retinal artery result in?

Answer 30

loss of mononuclear vision

Question 31

What are the characteristics of rods?

Answer 31

sensitive to low levels of light - good for night and peripheral vision

Question 32

What are the characteristics of cones?

Answer 32

detailed vision and coulour vision

Question 33

What are the muscles of the eye?

Answer 33

medial, lateral, inferior and superior rectus superior and inferior oblique levator palpebrae superiors

Question 34

Where do the rectus muscles originate from?

Answer 34

common tendinous ring

Question 35

Where do all of the rectus muscles insert?

Answer 35

sclera

Question 36

What is the innervation of the lateral rectus?

Answer 36

Abducent nerve - CN VI

Question 37

What is the innervation to the superior oblique?

Answer 37

trochlear nerve CN IV

Question 38

What innervates all other muscles?

Answer 38

oculomotor nerve CN III

Question 39

What muscles and nerve opens the eye?

Answer 39

levator with mullers muscle | CN III

Question 40

What is the role of the lateral rectus?

Answer 40

abduct the eye

Question 41

What is the role of the medial rectus?

Answer 41

adduct the eye

Question 42

What is the role of the inferior rectus?

Answer 42

down and in

Question 43

What is the role of the superior rectus?

Answer 43

up and in

Question 44

What is the role of the superior oblique?

Answer 44

down and out

Question 45

What is the role of the inferior oblique?

Answer 45

up and out