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1. Opthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the orbit?

A 
zygoamtic
spehoid
ethmoid
frontal 
maxillary
lacrimal
nasal
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2
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

opthalmic veins

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3
Q

What passes through the supraorbital notch/foramen?

A

nerves to go to the skin on the forehead

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4
Q

What walls does an orbital blowout fracture usually affect?

A

medial wall and orbital floor

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5
Q

What is the CT sign of an orbital blow out?

A

teardrop sign

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6
Q

What do the eyelids contain?

A

tarsal plates - maintain shape and secrete oil
tarsal glands - secrete lipids
orbital septium - sheet of fasica that stops spread of things to brain
orbicularis oculi - closes the eye (CN VII)

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7
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

A

palpebral - inner

orbital - outer

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8
Q

What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

produces tears

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lacrimal gland?

A

parasympathetic CN VII (facial nerve)

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10
Q

What is the pathway of tears?

A

Produced by the lacrimal glands, pushed to the medial angle, drains to the lacrimal puncta, reaches the inferior meatus of nasal cavity (hole)

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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A

outer fibrous layer
vascular layer
photosensitive layer

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12
Q

What is included in the outer fibrous layer?

A

sclera

cornea

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13
Q

What is included in the vascular layer?

A

ciliary body
iris
choroid

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14
Q

What is the anterior segment of the eye?

A

part infront of the lens

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15
Q

What is the posterior segment of the eye?

A

part behind the lens

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16
Q

What makes up the anterior segment of the eye?

A

anterior chamber - between cornea and sclera

posterior chamber - between iris and suspensory ligaments

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17
Q

What does the anterior segment of the eye contain?

A

aqueous humour

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18
Q

What secretes aqueous humour?

A

ciliary bodies

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19
Q

What does the posterior segment contain?

A 
vitreous humour (contained in the vitreous body)
cioquets canal
20
Q

What connects the cornea and the sclera?

A

limbus

21
Q

How is aqueous humour circulated?

A

produced by ciliary body
circulated within the posterior chamber and nourishes the lens
passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber and nourishes the cornea
reabsorbed into the scleral venous sinus at the intercorneal angle

22
Q

Where does the opthalmic artery come off, what does it give off?

A

internal carotid artery

gives off ciliary arteries, nasal cavity branches and central artery of the retina

23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the eye?

A

superior and inferior opthalmic vein

24
Q

What 3 structures are found in the fundus of the retina?

A

macula
optic disc
fovea

25
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

exit/entry point for all blood vessels and axons of CNII

devoid of all photoreceptors

26
Q

What is the macula?

A

greatest density of cones meaning it has the highest visual acuity

27
Q

What is the fovea?

A

center of the macula

28
Q

From anterior -> posterior, describe the layers of the retina?

A

arteries and veins
axons of ganglion cells
ganglion cells
photoreceptor cells

29
Q

What would obstruction of the retinal branch artery/vein result in?

A

loss of the corresponding visual field

30
Q

What would interruption of flow to the central retinal artery result in?

A

loss of mononuclear vision

31
Q

What are the characteristics of rods?

A

sensitive to low levels of light - good for night and peripheral vision

32
Q

What are the characteristics of cones?

A

detailed vision and coulour vision

33
Q

What are the muscles of the eye?

A

medial, lateral, inferior and superior rectus
superior and inferior oblique
levator palpebrae superiors

34
Q

Where do the rectus muscles originate from?

A

common tendinous ring

35
Q

Where do all of the rectus muscles insert?

A

sclera

36
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral rectus?

A

Abducent nerve - CN VI

37
Q

What is the innervation to the superior oblique?

A

trochlear nerve CN IV

38
Q

What innervates all other muscles?

A

oculomotor nerve CN III

39
Q

What muscles and nerve opens the eye?

A

levator with mullers muscle

CN III

40
Q

What is the role of the lateral rectus?

A

abduct the eye

41
Q

What is the role of the medial rectus?

A

adduct the eye

42
Q

What is the role of the inferior rectus?

A

down and in

43
Q

What is the role of the superior rectus?

A

up and in

44
Q

What is the role of the superior oblique?

A

down and out

45
Q

What is the role of the inferior oblique?

A

up and out

1. Opthalmology (21 decks)

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