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1. Opthalmology > Anatomy of raised ICP > Flashcards

Anatomy of raised ICP Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of raised ICP?

A

head injury
space occupying lesion - tumour, abscess
hydrocephalus (blockage of CSF circulation)
meningitis

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2
Q

What are the meninges?

A

layers that surround the brain

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3
Q

List the meninges from skul -> brain?

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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4
Q

What is contained in the dura mater?

A

venous sinuses - pools of venous blood

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5
Q

What is contained in the arachnoid mater?

A

arachnoid-vili - how CSF is drained

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6
Q

What passes through the tentorial notch?

A

the brainstem

in the dura mater

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7
Q

What are ventricles?

A

holes filled with CSF

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of a raised ICP?

A 
transient blurred vision
double vision
loss of vision
pupillary changes
papilloedema
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9
Q

What will be compressed alongside the optic nerve?

A

artery and vein

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10
Q

What is the optic nerve covered by?

A

subarachnoid space

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11
Q

What cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

A

CN III

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12
Q

What is the oculomotor nerve damaged by?

A 
compression 
tentorial herniation 
aneurysms (posterior communicating aneurysm)
MS
congenital
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13
Q

What the sign of a damaged CN III?

A

eye looks down and out

ptosis

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14
Q

What does a fixed dilated pupil indicate?

A

BAD sign

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15
Q

What does CN III supply?

A

somatic motor to the extra ocular muscles

parasympathetic control to the constrictor pupillae

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16
Q

What cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve?

A

CN IV

17
Q

What causes CN IV damage?

A

tumour

stretching

18
Q

What is the characteristic sign of a compensated CN IV problem?

A

head tilt

19
Q

What does CN IV problems cause?

A

paralysis of the superior oblique
eye cannot move in and down
double vision when looking down

20
Q

What is the presentation of a decompensated CN IV problem?

A

double vision

21
Q

What cranial nerve is the abducens nerve?

A

CN VI

22
Q

What can damage CN VI?

A 
papilodema
stretch
tumour
microvascular 
congential
IMPINGEMENT - BILATERAL PALSY
23
Q

What does damage to CN VI cause?

A

paralysis of the lateral rectus

eye cannot move laterally, resulting in a medial deviation of the eye

24
Q

What can the CN VI become impinged on?

A

outer petrous tip in the brain

25
Q

What is inter nuclear opthamopia?

A

problem with the gray matter in the brainstem - not the actual nerves themselves

26
Q

What are the sign of inter nuclear opthamopia?

A

If the problem is on the left: eyes will try to look to the left, right eye will look to the left, left eye will look straight ahead but you will see the twitching of the left eye

27
Q

What are the causes of inter nuclear opthamopia?

A

MS
stroke
vascular

1. Opthalmology (21 decks)

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