lophotrochozoa: wondrous worms

Question 1

annelida

Answer 1

segmented worms such as earthworms 
- soft bodied
muscular
elongate
mouth at one end and anus at other
series of fluid filled space (coeloms) along body for rigidity and flexbility

Question 2

why is segmentaiton key in annelids

Answer 2

allows the body to contract and lengthen; for movement

• can move side to side in waves under ocean
• allows for quick movement

Question 3

what group of annelids has lost segmentation and why

Answer 3

Hirudinea; the leeches
- take in giant meals and are paristic by latching onto animals and feeding bllood; (inject an anticoagulat to stop blood clotting)
therefore neext to lose internal walls to allow for body to stretch as leech engorges like a baloon

Question 4

uses of hirudinea

Answer 4

• used medicinally for blood letting

- used in heart surgery (to take up extra blood and use anticoagulant)

Question 5

other annelida worms

Answer 5

echiura
sippuncula
pogonophora

Question 6

echuira

Answer 6

spoon worms

Question 7

sipuncula

Answer 7

peanut worms; not segmented

Question 8

pogonophora

Answer 8

deep sea worms/beard worms/tube worms
; not segmented
- however found they have a short segemented tail 
-live in midduy burrows
- look like erect tubes in ocean

Question 9

example of pogonophora

Answer 9

riftia pachyptila

• crowns of blood red tentcales
• dont have a gut
• have internal trophozome with ‘bacteria farm’ from which they gain their energy

Question 10

platyhelminth

Answer 10

flatworms flukes tapeworms

Question 11

difference between platyhelminth and annelid

Answer 11

platyhelminths dont have a coelom

Question 12

flatworms

Answer 12

solid animals
dont wriggle like earth worms
move my sending small ripples of muscular contraction along edges and use cilia from surface cells

rely on diffiusion across whole body to obtain oxygenation

Question 13

fluke

Answer 13

e. g. schistosoma mansoni
- infects over 200 million people
- bilharzia parasite needs TWO hosts (developts in snail andn then releases into river to find second host)

Question 14

Nemertea

Answer 14

unsegmented worms;
robbon worms

• lack coloeoms
• are predators that use proboscis with glue or poison

Question 15

mollusca

Answer 15

‘largest invertebrate’

squids, octupus, shells, slugs

Question 16

giatn squid

Answer 16

architeuthis
short stumpy body
lives in ocean depths
eight arms with suckers and two tentacles

Question 17

humboldt squix

Answer 17

hunt in large shoals and strink fish

Question 18

cephalopods

Answer 18

octopus, squid and cuttle fish

large cognitive development

Question 19

mollusc shells

Answer 19

• secrete calcium carbonate for protection

Question 20

gastropods

Answer 20

snails; carry shell on back

Question 21

bivalves

Answer 21

molluscs with two shells
e.g. oysters, clams and musccels

inside shells have gills with cilia for water flow

Question 22

uses of molluscs

Answer 22

• food source for humans
• purple dye
• are used by bilharzia parasite as a host
• destroy ships

Question 23

lophotrochozoa

Answer 23

annelida, platyhelminth, nemertea, mollusca

Question 24

nemertea

Answer 24

barnacles

Question 25

lophotrochozoa common characteristic?

Answer 25

trophophore; the plankontic larvae

- look like spinning tops [pear shaped]

Question 26

non-lophotrochozoa with trophophore

Answer 26

braciopoda
phoronida
bryozoa