deuterostomes III; vertebrates on land

Question 1

coelacanth

Answer 1

lobe fish; living fossil; discoverd off coast of south africa

• has flesh fins and can walk in open sea
• part of the sacroptergyians

Question 2

sacropterygian

Answer 2

lobe finned vertebraes

Question 3

sacropterygian groups

Answer 3

1. coelacanths
2. tetrapods
3. lungfish

Question 4

devonian era

Answer 4

400 million years ago; when lung fish and coelacanth developed

Question 5

tetrapod relations to other groups

Answer 5

closer to lungfish than colecanth (according ot molecular data)

Question 6

vertebrae

Answer 6

amphibians
reptiles/birds
mammals

Question 7

what did animals have to have to live on land

Answer 7

obtian oxygen from air

find/catch food

carry body weight and move on land

avoid drying out

Question 8

lungfish

Answer 8

use lungs to breathe air AND gills to get oxygen from water

Question 9

acanthostega

Answer 9

365 mya 
fishy 
fins with joined elements
skeeleton elements
live inw ater, used gills, could have foraged on lamb
intermediate between fish and tetrapod

Question 10

tiktaalik/panderichthys

Answer 10

the 'fisha pod'
375 mya 
fishy 
fins
skeeleton elements
intermediate between fish and tetrapod

Question 11

icthyostega

Answer 11

also had stronger axial skeleton and long bony projects

Question 12

amphibian examples

Answer 12

caellicians, newts, frogs and toads, salamanders

Question 13

frog

Answer 13

e.g. xenopus; only aquatic

Question 14

salamander

Answer 14

american ‘hellbender’

Question 15

amphibian features

Answer 15

1. skin not waterpoof; need moist environment

2. larvae of most are tadpools with gills (dual life sycle)

Question 16

reptiles

Answer 16

lizards, snakes, rutles, crodoiles, tutarara of new zealand

Question 17

reptile ancestors

Answer 17

marine icthyosaur
dinosaurs
pterosaurs (winged)
plesiosaurs

Question 18

acquaitc reptiles

Answer 18

went back to water SECONDARILY

Question 19

reptile features

Answer 19

break from acquaitc hbabit
have waterpooof skin; different respriation
have high metabolic rate and active life cycle
have a hard shelled egg with internal membranes; most are oviporous and vivapoours (shelled and external eggs)

Question 20

amniotic egg

Answer 20

egg with internal layers (amnionn, allantois chorion)

- can accunulate nitrogneous waste

Question 21

american alligarot

Answer 21

dpeendent on temprature for offspring sex determiniation or TSD

Question 22

theropods

Answer 22

group of dinosaurs; ancestors of birds

- include tyrannosauarus, velociraptor

Question 23

extinction of dinosaurs

Answer 23

65 million years ago

Question 24

thomas henry huxley

Answer 24

notes similarties between Achaeopteryx and Birds

Question 25

Achaeopteryx

Answer 25

150 mya fossil; had lizard features (tail and teeth) but also wings and feathers; intermediate between theropods and dinosaurs

Question 26

feathered dinosaurs

Answer 26

discoverd in China in 1990s; show ‘nonflying donsuars’ with feahers; for warming and display pruposes

Question 27

feathers uses

Answer 27

• flight
• warmth
• communication
  -camaflagouge
  0display

Question 28

feather structure

Answer 28

assymetircal and intriciate for gifigity

Question 29

birds have

Answer 29

feathers
warm body
hollow bones
high metabolic rate

Question 30

mammals

Answer 30

vital instualtion by hair (alpha keratin)
amniotic egg
mammary glands and production of milk (lactation)
store energy as fat reserves
complex teeth

Question 31

synapsids

Answer 31

ancestors of the mammals

Question 32

diphydonty

Answer 32

two sets of teeth (milk teeth and full size jaw)

Question 33

occlusion

Answer 33

matches between teeth; gives ability to chew and grind food

Question 34

types of mammales

Answer 34

1. monotremes (egg laying)
2. marsupials (puched animals)
3. placentals (long pregnancies and no pouch)

Question 35

monotreme

Answer 35

egg laying
platypus, echdina, anteter
only non- therian

Question 36

therian

Answer 36

having a live birth; conssit of placental and marsupial

Question 37

marsupials

Answer 37

give birth to immature infants and nourish them in bouch

kangaroos, wompants, opposums, koala

Question 38

placentals

Answer 38

longer pregnancies and no pouch

ecological diversity

Question 39

placental animal lineages

Answer 39

.1 afrotheria

2. xenartha
3. laurasiatheria
4. euarchontoglires

Question 40

afrotheria

Answer 40

african lineages

elphants, aardvark and manatees

Question 41

xenarthia

Answer 41

americas lienages

anteaters, sloths armadillos

Question 42

laurasiatheria

Answer 42

mammals of europe/asia

carnivores like dogs, cats, whales, bats, horses

Question 43

euarchontoglires

Answer 43

primates and rodents