long-term memory Flashcards
how many LTM systems are there? what are they?
5
Declarative Memory (Explicit):
Episodic Memory (personal experiences)
Semantic Memory (facts and general knowledge)
Non-Declarative Memory (Implicit):
Procedural Memory (skills and actions)
Classical Conditioning (associations)
Priming (exposure effects)
LTM is the ____ of info about past events and knowledge
archive
are more recent memories blurrer?
no. more detailed
which memory system does LTM work closely with
working mem
patient HM (henry molaison)
brain surgery: ____ lobotomy due to ____
after surgery he had _____ amnesia - what is it?
intact _____ and _______
_____ impaired, but not all aspects. what are intact?
temporal; epileptic seizures
anterograde amnesia - cannot get material from STM to long-term episodic memory
- lose ability to learn
STM; problem solving
LTM impaired but not all aspects.
Intact: retrieval from LT semantic mem
intact: implicit mem
what is the opp of anterograde amnesia?
retrograde amnesia - memory loss before brain damage
what is anterograde amnesia?
inability to get material from STM to long-term episodic mem
- cannot learn
in patient HM, was his hippocampus removed?
no. mostly intact.
perirhinal, entorhinal cortex and amygdala removed
Clive Wearing suffered a profound form of ____ and _____ amnesia following a viral brain infection (herpes simplex encephalitis)
he only remembers ___ and ____
his memory lasts __ to __ seconds
retrograde and anterograde
emotional responses to his wife; musical abilities
7-30
better memory for stimuli represented at start and end of list is called what effect?
start of list - primacy effect
end of list - recency effect
early interpretation of recency effect is that items at end of list are still in ______.
the problem with this is that recency effects arise even after extensive intervals where items can be assumed to have been fallen out of STM. this is called ______ recency.
a more plausible explanation would be LTM involvement, specifically _____ strategy.
STM
long-term recency
retrieval strategy - most recent events most readily available to recall
most recent events are the most readily available to recall - what’s the term for this?
retrieval strategy
the predominant type of coding in LTM is ________
semantic coding - rmb meanings, not exact words
what are under explicit and implicit LTM?
explicit /conscious/declarative
- episodic (personal events)
- semantic (facts n knowledge)
implicit/unconscious/non-declarative
- priming
- procedural memory
- conditioning
K.C: damaged hippocampus = no ____ memory but ___ memory intact
episodic; semantic
when we remember the fact but not the exact events, it means our ___ memory has faded into ____ memory
episodic; semantic
loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events is called __________ of ________ memories
semanticisation of remote memories
implicit memories
memories that unconsciously influences behavior
includes:
procedural memory
repetition priming
classical conditioning
can people who cannot form new mem like KC and HM, still learn new skills?
yes
what is korsakoff’s syndrome
caused by what?
unable to form what memories?
where is the damage in?
which type of amnesia is experienced?
chronic alcoholism causing vit. B deficiency leading to not eating healthy
unable to form new long-term episodic memory
damage in thalamic nuclei
anterograde amnesia
- old memories ok but new memories cannot form
what is the below syndrome called?
chronic alcoholism causing vit. B deficiency leading to not eating healthy
unable to form new long-term episodic memory
damage in thalamic nuclei
anterograde amnesia
- old memories ok but new memories cannot form
korsakoff’s syndrome
warrington and weiskrantz use ______ figures for picture ________ task for _____ amnesiacs. they can learn the task even though they don’t rmb ______.
gollin; completion; Korsakoff’s; training
Graf and coworkers tested explicit n implicit mem.
subjects read ___ words and ____ them. subjects asked to either _______ (explicit) or perform a work completion test (_______).
tested 3 groups. what are they?
what are the results?
10; rate; recall; implicit
3 groups tested:
1. korsakoff’s patients
2. patients without amnesia, treated for alcoholism
3. patients without amnesia, no alcoholism
amnesiacs did poorly on recall (explicit) tests but equally well on implicit ones.
propaganda effect
more likely to rate statements read or heard before as being true
