Long-term Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

enterograde amnesia

A

impairement of memory for events that occurred after the onset of amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

impairment of memory for events that occurred before the onset of amnesiaC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of amnesia

A

surgery, infections like herpes, head injury or stroke, conditions, Korsakoff syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the structure of the LTM system

A

First divided into explicit (declarative) memory and implicit (non-declarative) memory
Declarative: episodic memory and semantic memory
Non-declarative: procedural memory, priming and conditioner associations & reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

episodic memory

A

the ability to learn, store, and retrieve information about unique personal experiences that occur in daily life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

semantic memory

A

factual knowledge about the world (e.g. the capital of Norway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Procedural skills/habits

A

automatic motor behaviour, which can be rapidly executed with little attention. Including cognitive skills like reading and once acquired it can be rapidly executed with little attention. E.g. driving & tying shoelaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conditioned associations

A

response triggered by a (learned) stimulus; e.g. via classical or operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Priming

A

identification or production of an item is improved by an earlier encounter, i.e exposure to a stimulus affects the subsequent response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

perceptual priming

A

takes place when stimuli have similar forms. For example, the word “goat” will provoke a fast response when it is near the word “boat” because the two words are perceptually similar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

conceptual priming

A

Conceptual priming involves a stimulus and response that are conceptually related. Words such as “seat” and “chair” are likely to show priming effects because they are in the same conceptual category.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prospective memory

A

a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention at some future point in time.
Intensions can be pulses (time-locked, e.g. at Tuesday 5pm) or steps (wider time frame, e.g. sometime this week)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

autonoetic memories

A

within episodic memory. They are memories that are associated with a sense of self-awareness and that are relived during recollection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

noetic memories

A

within episodic memory. Memory for facts, consists of facts about ourselves like the date we were born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

involuntary memories

A

the unintentional recollection of past personal experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

False memories

A

the inaccurate recollections of events that did not occur or distortions of events that did occur

17
Q

imagination inflation

A

the strengthening of a false memory through repeated retrieval

18
Q

Misinformation effect

A

This phenomenon occurs when people’s memories for an event are influenced by misleading information presented to them after the event has occurred.

19
Q

Loftus & Palmer study

A

investigated the influence of language on eyewitness memory and the reliability of testimony. Participants were shown a video of a car accident and then asked questions about the event, including a critical question about the speed of the vehicles. Different groups of participants were asked questions using different verbs, such as “smashed,” “collided,” “bumped,” or “hit”. The results showed that the verb used in the question influenced participants’ estimates of the speed of the cars, with those who heard more intense verbs like “smashed” estimating higher speeds compared to those who heard less intense verbs. This study demonstrated the phenomenon of “misinformation effect,”

20
Q

Mirror drawing task

A

involves tracing shapes while looking at their reflection in a mirror, requiring individuals to adapt to reversed movements. It’s used in amnesia research to study procedural memory, which remains intact in some cases of amnesia despite impaired episodic memory.