Long term memory

Question 1

who believed that the MSM’s view of LTM was too simplistic ? And when ?

Answer 1

Tulving in 1985

Question 2

what did Tulving suggest ?

Answer 2

Tulving suggested that there are LTM stores, each containing different types of info in LTM

Question 3

what are the 2 subunits that the LTM can be divided into ?

Answer 3

procedural memories (how to do things) - reading ,driving, walking

declarative memory (what)

Question 4

what 2 stores can the declarative memory be divided into ?

Answer 4

semantic memories- with meaning

episodic memories- personal about you

Question 5

features of episodic memory ?

Answer 5

-refers to our ability to recall events (episodes) in our lives
- autobiographical memory
-time stamped to when events occurred
- includes info about people/ places involved

Question 6

why is the episodic memory explicit ?

Answer 6

because we continually need to recall the event

Question 7

what kind of emotions influence the strength of the episodic memory ? example ?

Answer 7

high intense emotions
- we recall traumatic events very well due to the high emotional content

Question 8

what also affects the strength of the episodic memories ?

Answer 8

it is also affected by the degree of processing of info at coding , where highly processed episodic events are recalled more easily

Question 9

what is meant by semantic memories ?

Answer 9

our knowledge of the world / facts

Question 10

what kind of recall does the semantic memories have ?

Answer 10

conscious recall (explicit)

Question 11

are semantic memories time stamped ?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what are semantic memories regarding how personal they are ?

Answer 12

they are less personal than episodic memories

Question 13

which memories last longer semantic or episodic ?

Answer 13

semantic memories

Question 14

where are the semantic memories stored in ?

Answer 14

it is stored in the hippocampus + other brain areas

Question 15

what is meant by procedural memories ?

Answer 15

our knowledge of how to do things
- memories of actions and skills

Question 16

what are procedural memories also known as ? why ?

Answer 16

non declarative memories
- because they are difficult to explain in words

Question 17

what is the recall of procedural memories?

Answer 17

recall with no conscious awareness
- implicit

Question 18

Clinical evidence

Answer 18

-episodic memory impaired in KM and clive wearing meant that they had difficulty recalling events that had happened in the past
- semantic memories were unaffected
- procedural was also in tact as Clive still knew how to read music

Question 19

Neuroimaging evidence

Answer 19

• Tulving got participants to peform memory tasks whilst using a PET scan
• episodic and semantic memories were recalled from the prefrontal cortex
• left = recall of semantic
• right = recall of episodic
• this supports that there are different types of LTM

Question 20

Real - life applications

Answer 20

psychologists can target certain kinds of memory in order to better peoples lives

Question 21

what did Belville do in 2006

Answer 21

improved episodic memory in old people with mild cognitive impairment
- being able to distinguish between types of LTM allows specific treatment to be developed