Long Bone Development

Question 1

Process which long bone is made:

Answer 1

Endochondral ossification

Question 2

Endochondral ossification

Answer 2

Manufacture of hyaline cartilage bone model that ossifies

Question 3

First step of Endochondral ossification

Answer 3

Fetal cells called mesenchyme form

Question 4

Mesenchyme cells

Answer 4

Cells that can develop into any type of connective tissue

Question 5

Two types of cells that develop from mesenchyme cells

Answer 5

Chondroblasts

Osteoprogenitor cell

Question 6

Chondroblast

Answer 6

Cartilage forming cell that become hyaline cartilage

Question 7

Osteoprogenitor cell

Answer 7

Cells that eventually become osteoblasts

Question 8

Step 2 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 8

Chondrablasts migrate to location and shape of future bone

Osteoprogenitors aggregate around edges

Question 9

Step 3 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 9

Chondrablasts secrete cartilage matrix

Forms cartilage bone model

Question 10

Chondracyte

Answer 10

Chondrablasts that become trapped in cartilage matrix

Housed in lacunae

Question 11

Step 4 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 11

Chondracytes in center of cartilage die and form medullary cavity

Question 12

Medullary cavity of cartilage model becomes:

Answer 12

Penetrated by exterior blood vessels.

Walls of blood vessels become endosteum

Question 13

Step 5 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 13

Blood cells are formed in medullary cavity which becomes red bone marrow

Question 14

Step 6 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 14

Blood vessels penetrate epiphyses and permanent red bone marrow forms

Question 15

Step 7 of Endochondral ossification

Answer 15

Osteoprogenitor cells form periosteum and change into osteoblast

Grows bone’s diameter

Question 16

Osteoblast purpose and physiology:

Answer 16

Secrete bone matrix with the use of calcium ions from blood

Question 17

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 17

Found in metaphysis

Grows bone in length

Question 18

4 zones of epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

1) Zone of resting cartilage
2) zone of proliferation
3) zone of hypertrophy
4) some of calcified cartilage

Question 19

Zone of resting cartilage

Answer 19

Region of cells that anchor growth plate to epiphyses

Question 20

Zone of proliferation

Answer 20

Groups of chondroblasts that reproduce quickly to increase number

Question 21

Zone of hypertrophy

Answer 21

Chondrablasts from zone of proliferation increase in size

Question 22

Zone of calcified cartilage

Answer 22

Matrix squires calcium ions and hardens

Becomes new part of bone

Question 23

How is periosteum developed

Answer 23

Osteoprogenitor cells form the periosteum

Question 24

Periosteum layers (2 layers)

Answer 24

1) osteogenic layer

2) fibrous layer

Question 25

Osteogenic layer

Answer 25

Deeper layer of periosteum

Adheres to the bone through sharpey’s fibers

Question 26

What cells form the osteogenic layer?

Answer 26

Osteoprogenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts

Osteoclasts are scattered throughout

Question 27

Fibrous layer

Answer 27

Superficial layer

Made of fibrous connective tissue

Question 28

What fuses into the fibrous layer of periosteum

Answer 28

Tendons that attach to muscles
And
Ligaments that attach to bone