Bone Organization And Long bones Flashcards
Types of bones (6 in total)
1) Flat bones
2) irregular bones
3) long bones
4) short bones
5) sesamoid bones
6) Sutural bones
Flat bones characteristics and purpose
Thin and flat
Protect underlying organs and the main site of erythropoiesis in healthy adults
Flat bones examples
Some skull bones, breastbone, scapula
Irregular bones characteristics
Unusual shapes that could have extensions/ projections or holes/depressions
Irregular bone example
Vertebra
Long bones characteristics
Longer than they are wide
Ends are site of erythropoiesis
Long bone example
Leg, arm bones, fingers, toes
Short bones characteristics and purpose
Cube-like
Provide gliding movement and absorb force
Short bones found in:
Wrist and ankles
Sesamoid bones characteristics
Small smooth bones that develop in a tendon as a result of muscle contraction and stress
Sesamoid bone example
Knee cap
Sutural bones
(Wormian bones)
Tiny pieces of bone
Form where two bones join together (along joint line)
Sutural bones location and amount
Location and amount vary from person to person
Usually found in skull
Long bone ends are called:
Epiphyses
Caps the epiphyses of long bones:
Articulate cartilage
Articulate cartilage type and characteristics
Hyaline cartilage
Smooth, glassy, and white
Gives bones a smooth surface for movement
Epiphyses are made of
Spongy bone
Spongy bone
Holes are organized in specific manners in order to withstand stress
Holes are filled with red bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Used in erythropoiesis
Shaft of long bone called
Diaphysis
Diaphysis characteristics
Contains hollow cavity known as medullary cavity
Medullary cavity filled with:
Filled with yellow bone marrow.
Composed mostly of fat
Yellow bone marrow purpose:
Cannot produce red blood cells but can revert to red bone marrow in extreme cases of anemia
Small region located between epiphysis and diaphysis
Metaphysics
Purpose of metaphysis
Area of bone growth in length.
Called growth plate in children
Growth line in adults
Membrane that surrounds the exterior of bone
Periosteum
Periosteum characteristics
Contains holes for penetrating blood vessels and nerves
Fuses into tendons and ligaments
Tiny connective tissue that holds periosteum onto the bone
Sharpey’s fibers
Shin splints
Torn sharpey’s fibers that cause the periosteum to remove from the bone
Connective tissue that lines medullary cavity
Endosteum
Tiny holes throughout the bone
Nutrient foramina
Nutrient foramina purpose
Allow blood vessels and some nerves to penetrate bone
