long answer 1sss

Question 1

explain the process of conduction through metals

Answer 1

conduction happens in solids and the delocalised electrons gain energy making them move more quickly transferring kinetic energy to other electrons also making them vibrate and make other electrons gain heat and pass their energy. they collide with other electrons and positive ions transferring kinetic energy, this increases enternal energy causing them to get heated

Question 2

explain how a convection current is formed by a radiator

Answer 2

when the air by the radiator is heated the particles gain energy and vibrate more, this means the air particles get further apart causing the heat and air to rise around the room. this causes a decrease in density, the hotter less dense air will rise above the more dense air. cold air takes its place and the process continues

Question 3

explain how the design of a vacuum flask keeps the liquid inside hot

Answer 3

the plastic cap is an insulator which prevents the heated air from leaving the flask via convection. the inside surface is silvered to prevent infared radiation from leaving the inside container which keeps it hot the double walled container is made of glass, glass is a poor conductor of heat. the outside container reflects infared radiation back inside to the hot liquid. a vacuum contains no particles, conduction and convection both require particles to transfer heat, this will keep the liquid inside hot.