Lombardia Flashcards by Pablo Soares Fernandez

Which winegrowing region is a particular favorite of Croatina?

Otlrepo Pavese

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This grape is used to produce single varietal wines but also as an important component in red blends as often blended with Croatina.

Barbera (!)

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What is the minimum percentage required for Pinot Nero for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

What is the maximum percentage of Chardonnay/PInot Bianco or PInot Grigio?

70% Pinot Nero

Up to 30% Chardonnay/PInot Bianco/Pinot Grigio

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What does Oltrepo mean or refer to?

Oltre-Po means beyond the Po River.

Oltrepo is in the southwestern corner of Lombardia, south of the Po River and at the foothills of the Northern Apennines, bordering Piemonte and Emilia-Romagna.

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This grape is native to Piemonte where it is known as Vespolina.

In Lombardia it is grown in Oltrepo Pavese to blend with Croatina and Barbera.

Ughetta (Vespolina)

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This DOC covers exactly the same area as Franciacorta but it is dedicated to Rosso and Bianco with a minimu,m of 50% Chardonnay and maximum of 50% Pinot Bianco while some premium examples are crafted from 100% Chardonnay.

Curtefranca DOC

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What is the Lambrusco variety used to produce Lambrusco Mantovano DOC?

Lambrusco Viadanse

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The name refers to a group of varieties that share similar characteristics. Gentile version is considered to be the leader of the grouping.

Widely planted in the Lake Garda area, often is produced as rosato due to its large berries.

Groppelo(!)

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What are top 4 most widely planted grapes in Lombardia?

Croatina 16%
Pinot Nero 13%
Chardonnay 12%
Barbera 11%

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What are the minimum on lees requirements for Vintage (millesimato) and for Riserva Franciacorta wines?

Vintage: minimum of 30 months on less

Riserva: minimum of 60 months of lees ageing (made only in exceptional years)

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What are two of most well known of 19 villages entitled to produce Franciacorta?

Erbusco
Adro

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Which wines are immortalized by the famous Latin poets Virgil and Carullus?

Valtellina and Simione

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True or False

Lombardia is the largest in terms of size

False - It is the fourth largest in terms of size

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Situated on the southern part of Lake Garda, this DOC is inter-regional, shared between Lombardia and Veneto, although the majority of the appellation is contained within Lombardia.

Lugano DOC (!)

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What is the only DOCG in Oltrepo Pavese?

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG (!)

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What is the traditional name of Rosato wines made in the area surrounding Lake Garda in both Lombardia and Veneto?

Chiaretto

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What style of wine is considered to be the flagship of Riviera del Garda Classico DOC? What is called lcoally?

Charetto (Rosato)

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What are five official sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

Valgella (the largest and most easterly)
Inferno (meaning “hell”, most structured wine)
Grumello
Sassella (well known)
Maroggia (the most recent and smallest sub zone)

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This DOC occupies the western and southern side of Lake Garda. The appellation focuses primarilly on red Groppello.

Riviera del Garda Classcio DOC (!)

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What four minor DOCs of Oltrepo Pavese?

Sangue di Giuda (Sangue di Giude dell’Otrelpo Pavese) DOC (sweet rad based on the same grape make up as Buttafuoco)
Oltrepo Pavase Pinot Grigio DOC
Categgio DOC (red from Barbera, Croatina, Ughetta and PInot Nero)
San Colombano Al Lambro (San Colmbano) DOC (the only DOC that lies partly within the administrative province of Milan).

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What is the name of appellation first created for the production of still wine made in Fraciacorta area initially and then was subsequently given the current appellation name so that Franciacorta only refers to sparkling wine by keeping Franciacorta appellation name?

Curtefranca DOC

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What are two large lakes in Lombardia?

Lake Garda and Lake Como

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The grape’s name translates as “rare grape”.

Most plantings are in Oltrepo Pavese blended to Croatina, Barbera in small quatities to provide aromas of red fruit and spice.

Uva Rara

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Name the four sectors of Lombardria from north to south (topographically)

The Alps (includes Valtellina)
The Prealps (includes Franciacorta, the hills around Brescia and Bergamo and the hills around Lake Garda)
The Padana Plain (Pianura Padana) - flat expanses of the centreal and southern part of Lombardia)
The Apennines Foothills (small southwestern corner of Lombardia between Piemonte and Emilia-Romagna) Includes Oltrepo Pavese

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Oltrepo Pavese appellation for still Pinot Nero grape.

Pinot Nero dell'Oltrepo Pavese DOC

Along with Franciacorta, what is common to these wine regions: Asti, Marsala, Champagne and Sherry/Jerez?

They are not required to state the PDO level (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantia) on the label. The mane Franciacorta is enough to identify the wines's place of origin.

True or False: Lombardia has the largest number of lakes in the entire country.

True

What are three main grape varieteis Franciacorta is produced from?

1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Nero 3. Pinot Bianco

Valtellina's vineyards can be popularly described as?

***"Heroic***" Slopes are so steep that the grapes mut be placed into baskets that are worn as backpacks

Who is atrributed to started the modern history of Franciacorta in the 1950s when he experimented with the production of bottle fermented sparkling wine.

**Franco Ziliani**

Name three minor DOCs of Garda Lombardo (two inter regional DOCs and the other south of Lake Garda).

1. Garda DOC (inter-regional DOC shared between Lombardia and Veneto and coveres the entire Garda Lombardo) 2. San Martino della Battaglia DOC (inter regional DOC shared between Lombardia and Veneo producing Friulano) 3. Garda Colli Mantovani DOC (lies in the hills to the south of Lake Garda in the province of Mantovani)

when and what is the first official release of traditional method sparkling wine released by Franco Ziliani?

1961 Pinot di Franciacorta (made from Pinot Bianco)

What is the minimum percentage Pinot Nero must be included in Franciacorta Rose and what is the minimum lees ageing?

Minimuim of 35% Pinot Nero Minimum of 24 months on lees

Broadly what are three climatic zones that can divide Lombardia?

1. The Alpine Zone (north) 2. The Lakes Zone (north central) 3. The Padana Plain (Pianura Padana)

Which country and four regions border on Lombardia?

Switzerland to the north, Emilia-Romagna to the south, Piemonte to the west, Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto to the east

What are three type s of still dry wine made in Lugana DOC(!)?

1. The Lugana (the youngest, released a few months after harvest) 2. The Lugana Superiore (min. 12 months ageing) 3. The Lugana Riserva (min 24 months with at least six months in bottle)

This red variety is the second most widely planted variety in Lombardia after Croatina. It represents 13% of Lamobardia's total vineyard plantings. Most are found in Oltrepo Pavese.

**Pinot Nero (!)**

This DOC area has been considered historically to produce a classic dry Oltrepo Pavese style red wine with Croatiina and Barbera.

**Buttafuoco (or Buttafuoco dell'Oltrepo Pavese) DOC !)**

What is the main grape used in Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG (!) ?

**Pinot Nero**

What is the minimum time non vintage Franciacorta wine must be spent on lees?

**18 months** The is period is the longest minimum lees ageing requirement in t he world for non vintage traditional method sparkling wine (Champagne requires only 12 months on the lees)

What is the "entry level" wine of Valtelliina? Compared to the DOCG version, it represents more approachable and straight forward version of Nebbiolo.

Rosso di Valtellina DOC

What minimum percentage of Pinot Nero required for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classcio Pinot Nero DOCG?

85%

Which river forms most of the southern border between Lombardia and Emilia-Romagna?

The Po River

What is the minimum alcohol level and ageing requirements of Sforsato di Valttellina DOCG?

14% 20 months of ageing with at least 12 months in oak

Which major winegrowing area outside of Piemonte is considered to have Nebbiolo thrives?

**Valtellina**

What is the grape variety introduced in 2017 to be allowed up to 10% of the Franciacorta blend?

**Erbamat**

Which area in Lombardia produces unequivocally considered Italy's best Metodo Classico sparkgling wine?

Franciacorta

This rare grape of Muscat family is grown exclusively around Bergamo.

**Moscato di Scanzo**

The only DOC of Lower Lombardia, the only appellation outside Emila-Romagna that produces wines from Lambrusco.

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC

This is the principal appellation of Bergamo in terms of area under vine and produciton volume, It is known for medium bodied red wines as welll as white using international varieties.

Valcalepio DOC

What wine style is Sforzato di Valetllina DOCG?

Dry

Some considers Turbiana to be a biotype of this grape.

**Verdicchio**

True or False: Franciacorta was the first DOCG in Italy exclusively for traditional method sparktling wine.

True

This DOCG is the smallest in Italy and it is one of the very few sweet red passito wines produced in the peninsula.

**Moscato di Scanzo (or Scanzo) DOCG (!)**

What is the minimum requirement of Nebbiolo for Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

90% but of often 100% Nebbiolo is used

What grape variety makes up the majorty of Lugana DOC?

**Turbiana (Trebbiano di Lugana) (!)** DOC minimum is 90% but often with 100%

Which grape variety dominates total planting in Franciacorta?

Chardonnay (80%)

What is an Oltrepo Pavese DOC that features Croatina (min 85% with up to 15% Barbera, Uva Rara and Ughetta)?

**Bonarda dell'Oltrepo Pavese DOC (@)** | (Bonarda is local name for Croatina)

Lombardia's most northerly winegrowing ara. Located on the northern bank of the Adda River

**Valetllina**

Six wine sub-regions/districts in Lombarida

1. Valetllina 2. Franciacorta and Berescia Hills 3. Bergamo Hills 4. Oltrepo Pavese 5. Garda Lombardo 6. Lower Lombardia

Oltrapo Pavese Metodo Classcico consoritium created the collective brand name for Oltrepo Pavese roses. What is it called?

***Cruase***

This family of grape is grown only in the southeastern corner of Lombardia (Lower Lombardia), Local native and version Viadanese is the most commonly planted.

Lambrusco (to produce Lambrusco Mantovano DOC)

This sub region is the largest and most productive in Lombardia. It boasts a wide range of grape varieties, styles and DOCs, including a specific DOCG for traditional method sparklting wines based on PInot Nero.

**Oltrepo Pavese**

What is the lake closest to Franciacorta that moderates continental climate of the area?

Lake Iseo

True or False Lombardia is Italy's most populated region

TRUE

What is Croatina aka in Oltrepo Pavese?

**Bonarda**

What white grape is known as Trebbiano di Lugana? It is the principal variety of Lugana DOC on the southern side of Lake Garda?

**Turbiana (**!)

Which river forms part of the border with Piemonte and Lombardia?

The Ticino River

What are the minimum requirements for Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) for DOCGs and DOC of Valtellina?

90%

What is the first DOC granted to the sub-region of Oltrepo Pavese in 1980 to cover the entire sub-region and represents a catch-all DOC that incorporates the widest possible range of styles and grape varieties.

Oltre Pavese DOC

What are two sub sub zones of Lambrusco Mantovano DOC?

1. Oltrepo Mantovano (on the southern bank of the Po) 2. Viadanese-Sabbionetano (on the northern bank of the Po)

What is one official sub-zone of Riviera del Garda Classico DOC which used to be a separate DOC prior to 2017 and produces Chiaretto and Rosso style wines.

Valtenasi

How many DOCs and DOCGs are in Lombardia?

21 DOCs 5 DOCGs

What is the most widely planted grape in Oltrepo Pavese?What are three other major grape varieties in Oltrepo Pavese by planting (two red, one white)?

1. **Croatina** 2. **Barbera** 3. **Pinot nero** 4. **Moscato Bianco**

By law what is the maximum percentage Pinot Bianco can be included in Franciacortq blend?

Not to exceed 50%

True or False: Oltrepo Pavese was the first metodo classico (traditional method) sparkling wine to obtain DOCG status in 2007.

False Franciacorta was first.

True or False: Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG allows for Rosato.

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico Rose has become an incresasingly important category within the DOCG.

What are ageing requirements (on lees) for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classcico DOCG for non vintage and vintage wines?

Non vintage: minimum of 15 months Vintage: Minimum of 24 months on the lees

What are blending partner grapes (3) to PInot Nero for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico wine?

1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Bianco 3. Pinot Grigio

Which river influences Valtellina region?

The Adda River runs across the entrie sub-region.

What Franciacorta style is called for Chardonnay based **Blanc de Blancs** produced with maximum of **5 atm** of pressure and finished as **Brut**?

**Saten (with minimum 24 months of lees ageing)**

Aside from the Po River, what three rivers are located within Lombardia?

1. The Adda 2. Ticino 3. Oglio

What are four notable lakes in Lombardia?

1. Lake Garda (Italy's largest) 2. Lake Como 3. Lake Maggiore 4. Lake Iseo

What is the primary grape of Valtellina?

Nebbiolo

What city is the capital of Lombardia?

Milan

what is Italian word used for vintage wine?

***Millesimato***

This appellation covers all the vineyards within the province of Bergamo, Production is small. Several Italian and international grapes are allowed.

Terre del Colleonio DOC

Low dosage styles like Extra Brut and Brut Nature are particularly successful for Franciacorta. Why?

The warm growing conditions allow producers to pick grapes with a repeness level that makes high levels of dosage unnecessary. and make Non Dosato ar Dosaggio Zero particularly common and successful.

This international variety represents the third most widely planted variety and represents more than 10% of Lombardia's total vineyard plantings.

**Chardonnay (!)**

What is the minimum ageing requirements of Valtellina Superiore and Riserva?

2 years with at leat one year in oak Riserva: Three years minimum

How many appellations are in Valetellina - DOC and DOCG and their appellation name?

Three appeoolations two DOCGs one DOC

What are three minor DOCs on the hills surrounding the city of Brescia for mostly red and white wines crafted from Marzemino, Barbera, Schiava, Sangiovese?

1. Botticino DOC 2. Cellantica DOC 3. Capriano del Colle DOC

What river separates Franciacorta from the hills of Bergamo?

The Oglio River

This grape is the dominant variety in Valtellina but is known as Chiavennasca locally.

**Nebbiolo (!)**

Considered to be a native variety of Lombardia. This grape is the most widely planted of all varieities in the region, red or white.

**Croatina(!)**

What are six sweetness levels of Franciacorta?

1. Demi-Sec (rare) 2. Sec (rare) 3. Extra Dry (rare) 4. Brut 5. Extra Brut 6. Brut Nature

What DOCG represents the pinnacle of the wine of Valtellina? Here healthy fullly ripe clusters of Nebbiolo are picked and air-dried via the appassimento process.

**Sforzato (or Sfursat) di Valetllina DOCG (!)**

Which two regions in Lombardia are not influenced by the four notable lakes - Lake Garda, Lake Como, Lake Maggiore and Lake Iseo?

1. Oltrepo Pavese 2. Lower Lombardia

What are three appellatoins of Valtellina?

1. **Sforzato (or Sfursat) di Valetellina DOCG (!)** 2. **Valetellina Superiore DOCG (!)** 3. Rosso di Valtellina (Valtellina Rosso) DOC

What is Lino Maga's iconic wine in Oltrepo Pavese?

***Barbacarlo***

Most of **this grape variety** is found in Franciacorta for the production of sparkling wine, but can be used as a component in several DOCs for their biancos.

**Chardonnay (!)**