Foundation - Viticulture Flashcards
Which region GDC (Geneva Double Courtain) and Sylvoz used?
Which region Casarsa is being used?
Emilia-Romangna
Friuli
What is Talento?
The term is used to clearly identify quality Italian sparkling wine made by the traditional method but the term failed to catch on.
List four different time periods when influx of international varieties were brought to Italy?
- Early 19th century
- Early 20th century after phylloxera
- 1970s (Pinot Grigio), 1980s (Chardonnay, Savuginon Blanc Caberent Sauvgijnon)
- 1990s, Syrah, Viognier
Describe tendone system and where the system was typical.
The canopy grows horizontally high off the ground forming a sort of tent (tendone) with grapes clusters hanging underneath the canopy.
In the southern regions of Abruzzo, Campania, Puglia and Sicilia.
True or False
Chaptalization in Italy is forbidden.
True
Which region Cappucina (or Capovolto) training system, a variant of Guyot, is used in Italy?
Veneto
True or False
Each of 20 administrative regions in Italy has recognized wine appellations.
True
What are three grape varieties used for Cinque Terre and Cinque Terre Schiaccetra DOC (passito style)?
- Bosco (60%)
- Albarola
- Vermentino
True or False
acidic adjustment is strictly regulated in Italy.
True
What is “Arcbetto”?
A traditional training system used in Toscana
True or False
Italy has the largest areas under vine, followed by Spain and France.
False
Italy is behind Spain and France.
What is typical ATM of pressure of Frizzante wine?
What two notable wine districts specialize in this type of wine using Tank method?
1 - 2.5 ATM of pressure
Emilia-Romagna
Oltrepo Pavese in Lombardia
Which two DOC/Gs are considered to be prominent examples of traditional method sparkling wine?
Franciacorta DOCG
Trento DOC
What are three white varieties most planted in Italy today?
- Catarrato Bianco (Sicily)
- Trebbiano Toscano
- Chardonnay (majority for sparkling wine production)
Name three methods to produce sweet wine in Italy.
- Appassimento - drying the grapes after harvest
- Late harvest crops
- Noble rot (muffa nobile)
What is “Alberello”?
Bush trained vine
It is traditionally used low training system widespread in Sicilia, Sardegna and Puglia, introduced by the Greeks.
Suitable for hot, arid climateds.
Also used in Valle d’Aosta where the vine benefits from the precious extra heat raditiating from the ground.
What is “salasso”?
Italian rosato produced by bleeding the tank .
Also Direct press is used to produce Rosato.
True of False
Traditionally Italian red wines were crafted through long fermentation and long maceration.
True
What are the main characteristics of Mezzadria (share cropping) system in Italy? (up to 5)
- Polycultural - multiple crops growing together
- Widespread particularly in northern and central Italy especially in Emilia-Romagna, Toscana, Umbria and Marche
- More focused on quantity than quality
- Very few dedicated vineyards
- Abolished by the government in 1960s
Who was Federico Matinotti?
In 1895 Federico Martinotti developed a method of sparkling wine production within a sealed tank.
The same concept was adopted by French winemaker Eugene Charmat in 1920s but on an idustriial scanle.
Today this methos is widely kwnon under the name tank method or Charmat method. In Italy however it is often called Metodo Martinotti.
True or False
The Cordone Speronato (or single spur-pruned cordon) is suitable for medium to poor soils.
True
What are approximate number of genetically distinct and commercially relevatnt varieties growing in Italy today?
350-600
350 is more than France and Spain combined, one quarter of the world’s total
True or False
Guyot (one or two canes trained horizontally) is suited to poor, dry hillside soils where the vine has a limited vegetative growth.
True
What is the main difference between Pergola Veronese and Pergola Trentina?
- Pergola Veronese - vine canopy spead out on horizontal arm
- Pergola Trentina - vine canopy spread out on an inclined arm
True or False
Must enrichment by addition of rectified concentrated grape must (Mosto Concentrato Rettificato or MCR) is permitted.
True
What is “alberata” or “vite maritata all’albero”?
High or overhead training system introduced by the Etruscans
Vines were trained to grow high enough in trees so as to use branches as support
Practiced continued to the middle of the 20th century
What are Vermentino grape (white) in Sardegna known elsewhere (3)?
- Pigato (Liguria)
- Favorita (Piemonte)
- Rolle (Provence)
Does Tendone system suit for quality wine grapes?
No, due its high productivity, it has been mostly re-adapted (Pergola Abruzzese) , however still used for table grapes.
True or False
Both Pergola and Tendone systems are generally used with a low density of planting.
True
What is the most widely planted grap overall in Italy today?
What is the second and fourth?
- Sangiovese
- Montepulciano (red) is the second
- Merlot is the fourth most widely planted variety overall (particulary in Veneto)
What is French equivalent word for Italian “maturazione” and “invecchiamento”?
elevage
Top 5 grapes in Valle d’Aosta:
- Petit Rouge
- Nebbiolo
- Prie Blanc
- Pinot Nero
- Fumin
Top 5 Grapes in Piemonte:
- Barbera
- Moscato Bianco
- Dolcetto
- Nebbiolo
- Cortese
Top 5 Grapes in Liguria:
- Vermentino
- Pigato
- Rossese
- Albarola
- Ormeasco
Top 5 Grapes Lombardia
- Croatina
- Pinot Nero
- Chardonnay
- Barbera
- Riesling Italico
Top 5 Grapes Emilia-Romagna
- Trebbiano Romagnolo
- Sangiovese
- Lambrusco Salamino
- Ancellottta
- Lambrusco Grasparossa
Top 5 Grapes Trentino
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Grigio
- Muller Thurgau
- Teroldego
- Merlot
Top 5 Grapes Alto Adige
- Schiava
- Pinot Grigio
- Gewurztraminer
- Pinot Blanco
- Chardonnay
Top 5 Grapes Veneto
- Glera
- Garganega
- Pinot Grigio
- Merlot
- Corvina
Top 5 Grapes Friuli Venezie Giulia
- PInot Grigio
- Merlot
- Firiulano
- Chardonnay
- Sauvginon
