Friuli Venezia Giulia Flashcards by Pablo Soares Fernandez

Friuli Isonzo DOC can be divided into two sub-zones, what are the two and which is said to have the best vineyards?

Rive Alte - the northern, the right bank of Isonzo River, receiving cooler air currents to blow more consitently
Rive di Giare - the southern, the left bank has the vineyards on lower flatter and more fertile sites

The best vineyars on the Rive Alte side

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This DOCG is a small growing area in the southern portion of the Friuli Colli Orientali DOC around an Abby built at the end of the 10th century.

The DOCG produces white blend primarily made from Friulano with Sauvignon, PInot Bianco, Chardonnay and Ribolla Gialla,

Rosazzo DOCG (!)

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Which appellations produce “the Super-Whites” in Friuli( 2 DOC, 1 IGT)?

Collio DOC
Friuli Colli Orientale DOC
Venezia Giulia IGT

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What is “ponca” and what is another name for it?

It is soil found in the eastern hills of Friuli, distinctive alternative layers of marl and sandstone, well drained friable, poor and very suitable for quality viticulture.

It is known as “Flysch of Cormons” (Cormons is a village in eastern Friuli and called locally “ponca”.

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This international white variety was brought to northern Italy by the Austrians in 1800s and planted along with Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay but lost ground.

The best comes from the eastern hills of Friuli.

Pinot Bianco

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This appellation is the largest DOC both in terms of area under vine and in production.

It accounts for more than one third of Friuli’s total wine production.

Friuli Grave DOC(!)

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This regional DOC produces sparkling Prosecco made from Glera.

Prosecco DOC (!)

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Along with Terrano, what two other grapes (one white, one red) produce distinctive and renowned wine in Carso DOC?

Malvasia Istriana (white)
Refosco dal Penduncolo Rosso (red)

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Which local varieties (2 red, 2 white) are traditionally linked to the following sub-zone of Friuli Colli Orientali?

Cialla

Ribolla Gialla
Verduzzo Friulano
Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
Schioppettino

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Which native and indigenous red grape varieties are produced in Friuli Colli Orientali? (4)

Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
Schioppentino
Tazzelenghe
Pignolo

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What are dominant training systems in Friuli?

Sylvoz and Casarsa in the plains

Cappuccina (a variant of Guyot) and Guyot in the eastern hills.

Friuli Isonzo DOC - Cappucina and Guyot

Alberrello - Ribbola Gialla / Vitovska

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One of the three DOCs facing the Adriatic Sea, the vineyards lie on low coastal plains atop fertile sandy-clay soils, its western border delineated by the Tagliamento River.

Red grapes account for the majority of the plantings.

Friuli Latisana DOC

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What would provide wide diurnal temperature swings in Friuli Isonzo?

The cool dry Bora wind coming down form the Balkas alternates with warm breezes blowing in from the Adriatic Sea.

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How many DOCs and DOCGs are in Friuli?

Which is large by national standards?

12 DOCs

4 DOCGs

Friuli Grave DOC is large by national standards.

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What are the percentage of DOC wines production in Friuli?

What is the percentage for IGT?

40%

The remaining balance for IGT

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What grape is primarily used to produce Carso Rosso?

Min 70% Terrano

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While the name of this white grape suggests of clear Slavic origin, it is generally considered to be native variety of Friuli and Slovenia.

It has been historically cultivated in Carso in the province of Trieste.

Vitovska(!)

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This is Friuli’s smallest DOC. The production is tiny and mainly focused on fresh and flavorsome single varietal white wines.

It is on the coast between Friuli Latisana DOC and Friuli Aquileia DOC.

Friuli Annia DOC

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True or False

Under the Roman Empire, Friuli flourished. Aquileia become the second largest Roman city on the peninsula and the center of trade to all points north.

False

Aquilenia becme the fourth largest city.

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True or False

“Super-whites” in Colli Orientali are produced only under Friuli Collio Orientali Bianco DOC.

False

“Super-whites’ are produced in Colli Orientali as well as under the desingation of Friuli Colli Orientali Bianco DOC.

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True or False

Colli Orientali del Friuli PIcolit DOCG wine is made using appassimento method.

True

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Which three adrministrative regions in the northeast Italy, to make up Tre Venezie or Triveneto?

Veneto
Trentino-Alto Adige
Friuli Venezia Giulia

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This inter-regional IGT covers Friuli Venezia Giulia and the province of Trento in the Trentino-Alto Adige.

Trevenezie IGT

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This Friuli native white grape is highly prone to grape shatter leaving sparse bunches with fewer and smaller (but sweeter) berries but makes renown sweet wine.

Picolit (!)

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What grape variety is considered to be related to Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso?

**Marzemino**

What is regional IGT covering all of Friuli Venezia Giulia, also used some super-whites.

Venezia Giulia IGT

what two countrries Friuli Venezia Guilia borders with?

Slovenia to the east Austria to the north

What are four important rivers for Friuli Venezia Guilia?

1. Livenza 2. Tagliamento 3. Isonzo 4. Natisone

Which appellation produces renowned sweet wines from 100% Verduzzo Giallo, the local name the same as the DOCG. The area of production covers the very northern tip of the Friuli Colli Orientali DOC.

**Ramandolo DOCG (!)**

This ancient grape was included in the list of wines served to Pope Greogory XII in 1409. There are two sub-varieites: Giallo (yellow) and Verde (geen).

**Verduzzo Friulano**

What place in Friuli is considered to be the historic home of Ribolla Gialla (sub-zone of Collio DOC)?

**Oslavia**

What is Tai Biacno also known as?

Tai Bianco - (Tokai) **Friulano** Tai Rosso (Veneto Colli Berici DOC) - Garnacha/Cannonau

What are three IGTs in Friuli?

1. Venezia Giulia IGT 2. Trevenezie IGT 3. Alto Livenza IGT

In local dialect, the grape name means "tongue cutter", referencing the wine's high acidity and tannin. Planted in Colli Orientali around Buttio, Manzano, and Cividale.

Tazzlenghe

Which **sub-zone** in Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG requires to have 100% Picolit?

**Cialla sub-zone** along with more strict regulationse

What are three most widely planted grapes in Collio?

1. **PInot Grigio** 2. **Sauvignon** 3. **Friulano**

According to DNS studdies, Friulano proved to be identical another variety native to Gironde. What is it?

Savingnonasse

Which local variety is traditionally linked to the following sub-zone of Friuli Colli Orientali? ## Footnote **Prepotto**

* **Schioppetino**

Which three appellations in Friiuli Venezia Giulia are considered among the best districts for Italian white wines?

1. Collio 2. Friuli Colli Orientali 3. Friuli Isonzo

What is the percentage of total production in white in Collio DOC?

80%

Which appellation was the first to receive DOGC status in Friuli in 2001?

**Ramandolo DOCG (!)**

What grape produced in Oslavia, sub-zone of Collio DOC, is some of the best examples produced?

**Ribolla Gialla**

What are well known historic winegrowing sub-zones in the Collio DOC though not officially recognized? (3)

1. **Capriva** 2. **Oslavia** 3. **San Floriano del Collio**

This inter-regional DOCG lies in both Friuli and Veneto between Livenza and Tagliamento Rivers. Most of the DOCG lies in Veneto and produces Friulano based white wine.

**Lison DOCG**

This white grape is a member of the Malvasia group, is said to produces some of the Italy's finest examples of dry Malvasia, particularly wine grown in the eastern hills of Friuli or along the Carso plateau.

**Malvasia Istriana (!)**

This red grape name comes from an Italian word for pine cone. Almost becoming extinct, in the late 1970s, the surviving vines were planted against a wall of the ancient Abby of **Rosazzo** where the cutting was propagated from and where it is well known.

Pignolo

What are four main grape varieties planted in Friuli Grave DOC?

1. Merlot 2. Cabernet Franc 3. Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso 4. Cabernet Sauvignon

This ancient white variety has been grown in the eastern hills of Friuli on the Slovenian border since at least 13th century. The area of Collio around the town of Oslavia is considered its traditional home.

**Ribolla Gialla (!)**

What is a complex blend of native and international white grapes that become iconic among Friuli's superor white blends?

**The Super-Whites**

Who are the Collio producers (2) spearheaded efforts to the making of white wine with red winemaking techniques such as prolonged skin maceration and long periods of maturation in large neutral oak, which is referred to as orange wines?

**Josko Gravner** **Stanko Radikon**

Which city is Friuli Colli Orientali's wine production centrer?

Cividale

Which local varieties (1 red, 1 white) are traditionally linked to the following sub-zone of Friuli Colli Orientali? ## Footnote **Rosazzo**

* **Pignolo** * **Ribolla Gialla**

What white grape variety was saved from extinction by Carso producers Kante and Zidarich in 1980s?

**Vitovska(!)**

This white grape, considered to be traditional to Friuli, and is currently third most widely planted variety, representing more than 8% of the total area under vine.

**Friulano(!)**

True or False Friuli Grave DOC is predominantly planted to white vareties.

False Merlot is the main grape.

Which river, Friuli's largest and most important river, bisects Friuli Grave DOC?

**Tagliamento River**

This appellation is renowned even pre-Roman times and now. The whites are considered the finest in Friuli and among the finest in Italy. It is situated along the Slovenian border between Judrio and Isonzo Rivers.

**Collio (or Collio Goriziano) DOC (!)**

Friuli's second most widely planted grape variety, Friuli is one of the Italy's major production areas. Of the three red Bordeux varieties, this grape performs best in Friuli.

**Merlot(!)**

Which Friuli wine is said to be more of "vino da meditazione", mean to be sipped alone, rather than served with dessert?

**Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG (!)** wine

What percentage makes up for white varieties in Friuli's total vienyard area?

Over 70% white

Name two historicaly renowned sweet wines in Firiuli Venezia Guilia?

1. **Picolit** 2. **Ramondolo**

True or False Cellars in Collio and Colli Orientali del Friuli are still recognized as among the most modern and technologically advainced wineries in Italy.

True

What two geological features Friuli is situated between (to the north and to the south)?

* The Alps to the north * The Adriatic Sea to the south

True or False Friuli Colli Orientali is the largest DOC in Friuli in terms of vineyard area and wine production.

False The second largest in Friuli

What is the main soil type formation of Friuli Colli Orientali?

Alternating layers of marl and sandstone (**Flysch of Cormons)**

This appellation produced the legendary Pucinum wine in the Roman times. Both red and white wines are produced. Located between Friuli Annia and Friuli isonzo.

Friuli Aquileia DOC

The wines from this white international white grape are produced in a range of styles from refreshing, fruity, mineral unoaked version to lightly oaked and spicy. The grape is often a major component of superior white blends known as "super-whites".

Chardonnay

The most widely planted grape in Friuli.

**Pinot Grigio(!)**

What are three regional DOCs in Friuli?

1. **Friuli (or Friuli Venezia Guilia) DOC (!)** 2. **Prosecco DOC (!)** 3. Delle Venezi DOC

What are three grape varieties (2 white, 1 red) considered native to both Friuli and Slavic countries?

1. **Vitovska** 2. **Terrano** 3. **Malvasia Istriana**

Which red grape variety with small production that can only be found and grown in Friuli Colli Orientali? (means "tongue cutting")

**Tazzelenghe**

Some of Italy's most successful version of this white international variety, produced in the eastern hills along with Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay.

**Sauvignon Blanc (!)** Simple called Sauvginon in Friuli

Which international red grapes are used to produce variental and blend wines in Friuli Colli Orientali? (4)

1. Merlot 2. Cabernet Franc 3. Cabernet Sauvginon 4. PInot Nera

What is "***magredi***"?

Vineyards of Friuli Grave DOC are interspered with **magredi** - flat expanses where low grasses grow on arid beds of gravel and pebbles.

Introduced in the second half of 1800s, this grape is one of the most widely planted red grapes in Friuli. It is made as a single varietal, but when blended,m is often partnered with Merlot.

Cabernet Franc

This appellation is on the southeaster side of Friuli and encompasses the flat plain running along the Isonzo River south of the Collio DOC towards the Adriatic Sea. The DOC is considered a promising appellation of Friuli with the potential to match the quality of the wines produced from the thills of Collio and Colli Orientali.

**Friuli Isonzo (or Isonzo of Friuli) DOC (!)**

This ancient and native red grape is also known as Ribolla Nera, its demise was averted by the Mayor of Prepotto and the Rapuzzi family in Cialla.

**Schioppettino (!)**

This inter-regional IGT covers portions of Friuli and Veneto along the Livenza River.

Alto Livenza IGT

For non inter-regional **DOC**s which appellation does not have "Friuli" to their appleation name (2)?

**Collio** **Carso**

What are two local grape varieties (1 white, 1 red) known in Carso DOC but are rarely seen outside this DOC?

1. **Vitovska (white)** 2. **Terrano (red)**

What is the Slovenian part of Collio known as?

**Brda (or Goriska Brda)**

Which local variety (of Refosco family and related to Terrano) is traditionally linked to the following sub-zone, **Faedis**, of Friuli Colli Orientali?

* **Refosco Nostrano**

This ancient grape is considered the traditional red grape of Friuli although native to the Carso area, it is widely grown throughout the entire region. The name refers to the stalk becomes red when the grapes are ripe.

**Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso (!)** "dal peduncolo ross" means. "from the red stem".

Long made into sweet wines of historic renown, this grape's place of origin is said to be the area surrounding the town of Rosazzo. Grape's name may refer to its small berries or small yield.

**Picolit (!)**

Which appellation has the coolest climate in Friuli?

**Ramandolo DOCG(!)**

This red variety is less successful and less widely planted than Merlot and Cabernet Franc due to trouble fully ripening in Friuli's temperate climate.

Cabernet Sauvignon

List 8 most widely planted grapes in Friuli

1. Pinot Grigio - 21% 2. Merlot - 15% 3. Friulano - 8% 4. Chardonnay - 7% 5. Sauvignon - 7% 6. Cabernet Franc - 6% 7. Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso - 4% 8. Cabernet Sauvignon - 3%

What does ***"rochi" (plural of ronco)*** mean in Friuli?

Well exposed often terraced sites. Often used for the names of estates, vineyards or wines.

The historic winegrowing area of this red grape lies in the rocky, limestone plateau of Carso (shared between Italy and Slovenia). Carso is where most of this grape is planted and from where the best exmaples are made.

Terrano

What is "***Bora***" referring to in Friuli Venezia Giulia?

A cold winter wine fromt the east called ***Bora*** hits the region with force (partiuculary the Gulf of Trieste) often exceeding a speed of 90 mi/150 km per hour.

What is the name of grapevine nursery in Friuli Venezia Guilia, the largest grapevine nursery in the world and is internationally recognized for the reliability and quality of its stock?

The ***Rauscedo*** grapevine nursery

What is the capital of Firuli region?

**Trieste**

What are three DOCGs that lie within the boundaries of Friuli Colli Orientali?

1. **Ramandolo** 2. **Picolit** 3. **Rosazzo**

What white grape varieties (up to 7 including 4 local) are the most widely planted in Friuli Colli Orientali?

1. Friulano 2. Sauvignon 3. Pinot Grigio 4. Verduzzo Friulano 5. Pinot Bianco 6. Ribolla Gialla 7. Picolit

This fallback regional DOC encompasses all the other DOC/Gs within Friuli Venezia Guilia and can be produced fron a wide range of grape varieties including native/traditional and international grapes.

**Friuli (Friuli Venezia Guilia) DOC (!)**

What does "***collio***" mean?

**"Hillside"**

True or False Coooperatives play a major role in Friuli's total wine production as a few of wineries are family owned.

False Most of the wineries are family owned and the average productionis small to medium in size.

What grape varieties (5) are the more representives of Collio?

1. **Friulano** 2. **Ribola Gialla** 3. **Sauvignon** 4. **Pinot Grigio** 5. **Malvasia**

This inter-regional DOC is shared (and bordered) with Veneto and Friuli and features single varietals of Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Refosco.

Lison-Premaggiore DOC

This appelation is on a plateau, a strip of chalky-limestone bordering Slovenia and facing the Gulf of Trieste and is on the southeastern extremity of Friuli. It is strongly influenced by a mix of Italian and Slovenina culture.

**Carso (or Carso-Kras) DOC (!)**

What wine is created by the producer Jermann in the late 1970s?

**Vintage Tunina**

What is Friulano called in Veneto?

**Tai (Tai Bianco)**

Whose promotional campaign met with rousing success in the beginning of 1800s to gain the fame for Picolit wine and which family saved and revived the Picolit grape at the beginning of 20th century.

Count Fabio Asquini who exported 100,000 quarter litre bottles to the Pope and elsewhere. Perusini family

This inter-regional DOC covers Veneto, Firuli Venezia Guilia and Trentino. It focuses on the production of varietal Pinot Grigio.

Delle Venezie DOC (labled as PInot Grigio delle Venezie DOC)

What appellation is considered one of the finest winegrowing areas in Friuli for both white and red wines? The region also gained a reputation for its sweet wines, some of which have gained their own appellations (Picolit and Ramandolo).

**Friuli Colli Orientali DOC**

True or False Friuli Venezia Guilia was officially given autonomy in 1963.

True

True or False Most of the **Friuli Grave DOC** vineyards line on a flat alluvial plain.

True

Which Collio producer in the 1960s set the standards of modern white winemaking in Italy, influenced by the winemaking practices of Germany such as introducing temperature controlled fermentation, stainless steel tanks, refrigerator units, pneumatic presses and sterile bottling?

**Mario Schioppetto** **followed by Livio Feluga**

True or False Prosecco can be made around Trieste.

True It has a specific designation of **Prosecco Trieste DOC**.

True or False Friuli Venezia Giulia is considered the birthplace of modern Italian white winemaking.

True

What is "***pastini***"?

The vines often grow alongside olive trees and hug the coast in small plots of land on steep terraces overlooking the sea. In Carso DOC, these terraces are called ***"pastini***" at altitude of 650-1,600 ft/200-500 m above the Adriatic.

What is one of the three principal soli types in Friuli, a narrow strip of **limestone plateau** in the southeastern corner of Friuli between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia known as?

**The Carso**