LOM blood ch13 Flashcards
Function of Blood
transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body. also transports chemical messengers, blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets
what are chemical messengers called?
hormones
what do white blood cells do?
fight infection
what do platelets do?
help the blood clot
medical term for WBC
Leukocyte
medical name for platelet
thrombocyte
Composition of blood
cells, plasma, water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids, vitamins
what are the different cells in the composition of blood?
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
55% of our blood’s volume is made up of
plasma
What percentage of blood volume do cells constitute?
45%
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen
what are leukocytes
white blood cells
what are thrombocytes?
platelets; clot blood
What is an immature red blood cell called?
Erythroblast
Where do erythrocytes originate?
In bone marrow
What are cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow that destroy worn-out erythrocytes?
Macrophages
what is a phagocyte
A type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells
What are the different types of white blood cells?
basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
Basophils
contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses)
Eosinophils
phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
Neutrophils
phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
Monocytes
phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris
Lymphocytes
control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens
what are the granulocytes?
A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma
the 3 granulocytes:
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
what are the plasma protiens?
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin
What are fibrinogen and prothrombin?
clotting proteins
What does albumin do?
Maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood
What are globulins?
Another part of the blood containing plasma proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
What are immunoglobulins?
Antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens or foreign substances, ie. IgG, IgA
Type A:
A antigen and anti-B antibody
Type B:
B antigen and anti-A antibody
Type AB:
A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)
Type O:
no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor)
RH factor
positive and negative
Why is blood type matching important for identification of pregnancy?
Most people are Rh positive so problem arises with Rh negative mother with Rh positive fetus.
coagulation:
fibrin clot
anticoagulant:
heparin, warfarin (Coumadin)
