Logging in Flashcards
Unix operating system, originally developed in…?
Early 1970s (Predates the days of personal computers.
Many users can use Unix that is running on a main frame computer by…?
Using “dumb terminals” - really just a keyboard and text monitor, connected to the mainframe computer with a serial line connection. (In order to identify oneself to the Unix OS, a user would first have to “log on” by providing a user id and password.)
Linux, and other versions of Unix have grown to take advantage of affordable PCs, it has not lost…?
The core concepts of users, passwords, logging on, and text based terminals.
Red Hat Linux provides six ______ that are available to users physically at the computer.
Virtual Consoles, (The virtual consoles act like “dumb terminals”. )
Virtual consoles are accessed using…?
CTRL+ALT+F2 through CTRL+ALT+F6 (with one virtual console mapped to each of the first 6 function keys)
If you are in a graphical environment, _______ will return you to it before trying to switch to a virtual console.)
CTRL+ALT+F1
When starting a session on Linux machine using a virtual console, the screen will look something like the following:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.1 (Santiago)
Kernel 2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 on an x86_64
station login:
To log in, you must…?
Type username with no spaces, hit RETURN key. Next enter password, followed by RETURN.
End a Virtual console session by typing…?
exit and hitting RETURN
Why would users want to use a virtual console instead of the graphical environment..?
- Machine might not have enough memory or hardware to support the graphical environment, and virtual consoles might be all that are available.
- Even on modern machines, however, virtual consoles are often a much quicker and more efficient interface for experienced users.(Because they are implemented by the Linux Kernel directly, they are also useful in debugging where the graphics might not be working.)
- For network servers that usually spend their lives in locked closets, administrators often want to avoid the complexity that the graphical interface adds to the system.
Linux uses a low level program known as ______ to provide the graphics environment.
X server. ( As a user of the system, you don’t interact with the X server directly, but it provides the canvas for all graphical programs that you run)
When X server starts, it looks for the…?
first available virtual console. (If you are on a virtual console and think that an X server is running on the machine, you can usually switch to it using the CTRL+ALT+F1 key sequence.
In Red Hat Linux, the most commonly used terminal application is called…?
Gnome-Terminal.
The “who” command, shows….?
who is on the system, and how they logged on.
Using ssh (“secure shell”) utility, users can…?
Easily log into remote machines, either in the same room, or halfway across the world. (Assuming the remote machine can be as easy as logging in on a virtual console.)
