LOG Flashcards
LOG
task of coordinating
1-material flow
2-information flow
across the supply chain
Supply Chain
A network of
connected & interdependent organizations cooperatively working together to
1-control
2-manage
3-improve
the materials and information flow
from suppliers to end-users.
The supply chain is
all the storage facilities + distribution network
by which the products are taken from
the manufacturer to the customer
including:
1. Port facilities;
2. Central warehouse;
3. Regional depots;
4. Local depots;
5. All the service points
6. Haulage vehicles.
Humanitarian logistics (HumLog) is the
process of
1-planning, implementing, and controlling efficient (less resources)
cost effective (achieve Obj)
▪2-flow and storage
1- goods & services
2-materials & equipment
3- related information
▪ from the point of origin to the point of consumption
▪ for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable people.
What parties (ST) are involved in the humanitarian supply chain
Donors
NGOs
BEN
GOV, Military
LSPs, Suppliers
Logistics has three roles
Strategic (HQ, Head / Regional office)
Tactical (Country Office)
Operational levels (Field Office)
Strategic (HQ, Head / Regional office)
International procurement
Catalogue for strategic products
Procedures definition
Technical Support
Tactical (Country Office)
Procurement
Custom clearance
Log resources allocation
Strategy / work plan
Warehousing / dispatching
Comms/ energy
Operational levels (Field Office)
Local purchasing Storage
Energy /Comms Project support Fleet mgt Domestic needs
Program implementation
Logistics Cluster
Cooperation between
NGOs, UN agencies, other bodies
Led by WFP
1-Mutual assistance on mutual challenges funds
⇒ Coordination of activities on the field, gaps filling
⇒ Pooling of resources, savings ⇒ Log Cluster services
Led by WFP to:
1-Mutual assistance on mutual challenges funds
2-Coordination of activities on the field, gaps filling
3-Pooling of resources, savings ⇒ Log Cluster services
How does a humanitarian supply Chain differ from traditional supply chain?
Priorities
Time
Goals
Demand pattern
Inventory Control
What do we want to achieve together, Logisticians and Project Managers?
(Acc) Deliver better/quicker for Ben
save money
Increase donor trust
PM and Logistic for
project design and implementation
1-Resources ID
2-Project PP
3-PR
4-QC Storage
5-Delivery / Back to Storage
1- Resource identification
Market researches and quotations for:
Material for infrastructure
- Foreseen project material
- Transport
- Storage
- Communication
-Energy & HR
2-Project Procurement Plan (PPP)
- Contract Code
- Item description
- Quantities
- Delivery plan
- Transport plan
- Prices
3-Procurement Request (PR)
PR Number
- Donor Code
- Request date
- Item description
- Delivery date & Location
- Quantity
- Cost
4-Quality control Storage (QC)
QC at delivery time
QC Storing
5-Delivery- Back to Storage
Stock Release Order
- PR Number and line
- Project and donor code
- Description of items
- Delivery date
- Delivery Location
Why do we need procedures?
1-Donor/Court of Auditors’ requirements
2-Transparency / traceability
3-Maximize the use of funds for the Ben
➢NGO requirements
* Manage expenditure
* Avoid abuse
*Have full historical records of purchases
Corruption
abuse of power
to acquire private benefit
in relation to private or public company assets,
which breaches the law or moral values.
- Corruption may take the form of payments
monetary
future interest or services
fraud, collusion, coercion conflicts of interest or bribes.
Fight against fraud and corruption
How to prevent fraud and corruption in a WASH project
Separate tasks:
Purchases are done100% by logistics
No link between staffs-suppliers-partners
Fair competition
Support and monitor your team members
Take photos
Coordination between project and logistics department
“Supply chain”
Needs
Purchase
Transport
Storage
Distribution
Use
1-Financial constraints
2-Field constraints
Purchase
Obtain a product, an entitlement in return for payment; acquire
Purchasing stakeholders:
BENEFICIARIES
* requester
* buyer
* suppliers
* project manager
* Administration/finance
Local procurement
Pro
Availability
Adapted to local needs
No importation cost
Con
Impact on the local market Lower quality
Competition between NGO
International Procurement
Pros
1-Standard equipment
2-Quality guaranteed
3-Price and fees known in advance
4-Credibility of the suppliers
Cons
Cost linked to importation
Neutral or negative impact on the local
market
Some donors impose rules of local procurement
Delivery lead-times
Importance of technical description
1-What do we need?
Must, should, could, won’t
2-Why we need it?
Obj, Purpose, TB
3-Where and when you need it?
Delivery address, schedule
Purchase Request:
ID your needs
If you request is not detailed enough
the suppliers might offers different type
organize a fair competition by
providing enough details to suppliers to compete on the same basis.
in this case procurement committee cannot make a decision,
because these
products cannot be compared
clear specifications
define ur needs
the most precisely u can
explain objectives
attach picture ,TOR, detailed specifications BoQ
Types of need
* Explicit needs:
- Implicit needs:
in order to avoid misunderstanding
review your request with the logs in charge,
in order to ensure that you have the same
understanding and that suppliers will be
able to provide the right offers.
In order to avoid misunderstanding.
review your request with the logs in charge,
in order to ensure that
1-you have the same understanding
2-suppliers will be able to provide the right offers
Explicit needs:
The requester has the capacity to express
clearly his needs and criteria
Implicit needs:
The requester explain his problems but do
not have a clear solution
Analyzing needs and advising role
1-Define specifications and criteria in terms of quality and quantity
2-Exchanging with the requester is the key
In order to ensure good procurement, you need to:
➢Understand the objectives of the purchase
➢Propose alternatives with regards to market capacity
➢Understand local market and context
➢Identify standards articles, and build catalogue
What are we buying?
- Products
- Services
- Consultancies
- Voucher
- Cash
Through what means?
1-Ensure Logistics is involved in the elaboration/review of proposal / budget
2-Compare procurement lead times vs Implementation timeline.
3-Technical Adviser define/review and sign-off technical specifications
4-Review and justify costing
5-Consolidation of orders => Strategic sourcing
6-Improve the initiation of PRs by drafting those at planning stage
7-Final review and submission of PR’s at kick off stage
Transparent framework
* The purchasing process is subject to specific rules.
These either come from
the organisation’s internal procedures or
the project donor’s purchasing procedures.
It depends on
the type of programme
(emergency, development),
type of contract (service, supply or works)
their amounts.
