Loftus and Palmer

Question 1

what are leading questions?

Answer 1

questions that encourage a certain answer

Question 2

what is the background of Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 2

leading questions

Question 3

what is the aim of Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 3

to investigate if leading questions asked after the event can cause reconstructed memory

Question 4

what is the design in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 4

independent measures, different pps in different conditions

Question 5

what is the research method used in Loftus and Palmer?

Answer 5

lab experiment, comparing two groups in controlled conditions

Question 6

how was data gathered in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 6

self report, questionnaires, informing researchers of thoughts via written answers

Question 7

what sampling technique was used in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 7

opportunistic sampling, using participants available and willing at the time

Question 8

what is the IV and DV in experiment 1 of Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 8

IV- the cerb in the leading question
DV- participants average speed estimate

Question 9

what was the sample in experiment 1 of Loftus and Palmer?

Answer 9

45 students from Washington University

Question 10

what was the procedure in Loftus and Palmer’s experiment 1?

Answer 10

• 45 students spilt into roughly 5 groups (9 in each group)
• watched 7 videos of car crashes, 5-30 seconds
• after each film they get questionnaires about the accident, most are filler questions
• the critical leading question was manipulated for the 5 conditions

Question 11

what were the 5 verbs in experiment 1 in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 11

smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted

Question 12

what were the result of experiment 1 in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 12

smashed condition- 40.5
contacted condition- 31.8

Question 13

what were the conclusions of experiment 1 in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 13

a new study is needed because it is unclear why pps gave different answers, response bias- the way the question is worded can change the way someone answers

Question 14

what was the sample in experiment 2 in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 14

150 students from Washington University, split into 3 groups of 50

Question 15

what was the sample in Loftus and Palmer’s experiment 2?

Answer 15

150 students from Washington university, split into 3 groups of 50

Question 16

what was the IV and DV in Loftus and Palmer’s experiment 2?

Answer 16

IV- smashed, hit, no leading question
DV- whether the pps saw broken glass or not

Question 17

what was the procedure of Loftus and Palmer’s experiment 2?

Answer 17

• all shown same 1 minute video of 4 sec car crash (NO broken glass)
• given a questionnaire with filler questions and manipulated questions (not critical questions)
• 1 week later all 150 pps given questionnaire with fillers and critical question
• ‘did you see any broken glass’

Question 18

what were the results if Loftus and Palmer’s experiment 2?

Answer 18

• 16/50 in smashed condition said they saw broken glass
• 7/50 in the hit condition said they saw broken glass
• 6/50 in the control condition said they saw broken glass

Question 19

what are the conclusions of Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 19

• leading questions can cause reconstructed memories
  2 types of information which make up a memory of a complex event
• information during the event
• information we get after the event