Bandura

Question 1

background of study

Answer 1

Bandura had previously shown that children imitate behaviour modelled by an adult if the adult stays in the room

Question 2

aim of the study

Answer 2

to see whether imitation can occur theough transmission: copies even when the model is no longer present

Question 3

hypotheses

Answer 3

• children who observe aggressive models will reproduce aggressive behaviour
• children are more likely to imitate same sex models

Question 4

research method

Answer 4

lab experiment, in Stanford University Nursery

Question 5

experiment design

Answer 5

matched pairs, matched on pre-existing aggression (rated on a scale of 1-5 by nursery teachers)

Question 6

type of data

Answer 6

quantitative data

Question 7

materials

Answer 7

potato prints, fire engine

Question 8

how data was gathered

Answer 8

time structured observation, predefined categories of behavious if they occur in a specific time frame

Question 9

sample

Answer 9

72 children, 36m and 36f, average age 5,
from California Stanford University Nursery

Question 10

sampling technique

Answer 10

opportunistic sampling

Question 11

procedure stage 1

Answer 11

-children in aggressive and non-aggressive conditions were taken to room 1
- children sit at table and play with potato prints for 10 mins
- aggressive condition watch model play with tinker toy, before the model starts physically and verbally aggressively towards a bobo doll
- non-aggressive condition watch model play with tinker toy abd ignore the bobo doll

Question 12

procedure stage 2

Answer 12

• all 3 groups taken individually to room 2 for mild aggression arousal
• allowed to play with attractive toys
• after 2 mins, the experimenter took the toys away saying the child was not special enough to play with the toy

Question 13

procedure stage 3

Answer 13

• all children taken individually to room 3, experimenter discretely worked in corner
• two observers tallied childrens behaviour through a one-way mirror, every 5 seconds for 20 mins, 240 observations total

Question 14

what are the 4 pre-defined behaviour categories?

Answer 14

-imitated aggression
- partially imitated aggression
- non-imitated aggression
- non-aggressive behaviour

Question 15

how was direct imitation operationalised?

Answer 15

• pick up and throw bobo doll
• hit with mallet

Question 16

how was partial imitation operationalisation?

Answer 16

• hit other things with the mallet

Question 17

how was non-imitated aggressive operationalisation?

Answer 17

• slapping bobo doll
• pretending to shoot gun

Question 18

results of the children in the aggressive condition?

Answer 18

• showed more aggression than other conditions
• significantly more direct imitation

Question 19

results of the children in the non-aggressive condition?

Answer 19

• showed very little aggression

Question 20

identifying with the model

Answer 20

• children who saw the same sex model imitated more of the models behaviour
• children more likely to imitate male model
• boys produced more imitated aggression

Question 21

conclusions of the study

Answer 21

• children are more likely to imitate a model with whom they identify
• imitation can occur through transmission