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Locomotor System BDS1 > Locomotion > Flashcards

Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system?

A

provides our basic shape, provides our support for the body, allows the muscular system to produce movement, protection of vital organs, holds us upright and makes sure everything is in the right place

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2
Q

what are the two functional parts of the skeletal system?

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

what does the axial part of the skeleton consist of?

A

head, neck and trunk

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4
Q

what does the appendicular part of the skeleton consist of?

A

limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle

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5
Q

what is cartilage?

A

resilient, semirigid connective tissue

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6
Q

where is cartilage?

A

in areas for flexibility e.g. joints

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7
Q

what does articular cartilage do?

A

reduce friction

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8
Q

why does arthritis occur?

A

because articular cartilage wears away

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9
Q

comment on the vascularity of cartilage

A

avascular and gets blood supply from the outside

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10
Q

what are the functions of bone?

A

support, protection, mechanical basis, storage and production of new cells

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11
Q

what does bone store?

A

calcium

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12
Q

why is calcium needed?

A

to make sure the muscles contract and nerves conduct properly

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13
Q

where are new cells produced in the bone?

A

at the top and bottom of the bone

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14
Q

what are the two types of bone?

A

compact and spongy

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15
Q

describe the fibres in compact bone

A

squashed together and tightly packed together

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16
Q

describe the fibres in spongy bone

A

lots of spaces in between the fibres

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17
Q

what is the strength in compact bone for?

A

weight bearing

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18
Q

where is compact bone found in long bones?

A

down the middle of the shaft

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19
Q

what elevations do long bones have?

A

ridges, crests and tubercles

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20
Q

what shape are long bones and give examples of them?

A

tubular - femur, tibia, ulna, radius

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21
Q

what shape are short bones and give examples of them?

A

cuboidal - tarsus and carpus

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22
Q

what is the function of flat bones and give examples

A

protection - bones of skull (parietal, frontal, occipital and temporal)

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23
Q

what are irregular bones?

A

bones that don’t fit into any classifications e.g. bones of the face

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24
Q

where are the sesamoid bones and give an example

A

sit inside ligaments and an example is the patella

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25
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

where the blood vessels get in

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26
Q

what are bone markings?

A

where tendons, ligaments or fascia is attached, and where arteries lie adjacent

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27
Q

what is a bone formation?

A

passage of a tendon to improve leverage

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28
Q

what is a capitulum and give an example of the bone it is found on

A

the knob at the end of a bone/cartilage e.g. humerus

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29
Q

what is a condyle and give an example of the bone it is found on

A

rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming articulation with another bone e.g. femur

30
Q

what is a crest and give an example of the bone

A

raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone, often where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone e.g. iliac crest

31
Q

what is an epicondyle?

A

protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone

32
Q

what is a facet and give an example

A

small joints located between and behind adjacent vertebrae e.g. vertebra

33
Q

what is a foramen and give an example of where one is found

A

an opening, hole or passage e.g. base of skull

34
Q

what is a fossa and give an example of one

A

a depression or hollow e.g. scapula

35
Q

what is a groove and give an example of what bone this is found on

A

furrow in the bone surface which runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces e.g. humerus

36
Q

what is a head and give an example?

A

proximal end of the bone e.g femoral

37
Q

what is a line and give an example of which bone it can be found on

A

narrow ridge of bone e.g. tibia

38
Q

what is a malleolus and give an example of what bones they are found on

A

bony prominence on each side of the human ankle e.g. tibia and fibula

39
Q

what is a notch and give an example of where this is found

A

v-shaped indentation e.g. pelvis

40
Q

what is a protuberance and give an example of what bone this can be found on

A

something that sticks out e.g. occipital bone

41
Q

what is a spine and give an example of where this is

A

column of bone e.g. scapula

42
Q

what is the spinous process and state where this is found

A

bony projections off the posterior of each vertebra e.g. vertebra

43
Q

what are trochanters and what bone are the found on

A

any of several bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper part of the thigh bone e.g. femur

44
Q

what is a trochlea and where is it found?

A

an anatomical structure resembling a pulley, the articular surface of the bone e.g. humerus

45
Q

what is a tubercle and give an example of which bone it can be found on

A

small rounded projection or protuberance e.g. humerus

46
Q

what is a tuberosity and where can it be found

A

large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments e.g. tibia

47
Q

what is the external occipital protuberance

A

the bit at the back of your head (bony lump)

48
Q

what is the spine of scapula?

A

long line at back of scapula

49
Q

why is the neck of the humerus more prone to fractures?

A

it is smaller and weaker

50
Q

what bone is damaged in a hip fracture?

A

the neck of the femur

51
Q

what is the greater sciatic notch?

A

indentation in the hip

52
Q

what is the obturator foramen

A

hole where the obturator nerve comes through to supply the femur

53
Q

what is the medial plane?

A

plane down the middle with equal left and right hand sides

54
Q

what is the sagittal plane?

A

unequal left and right hand sides

55
Q

what is the frontal/coronal plane

A

either equal or unequal front and back

56
Q

what is the transverse/axial plane

A

perpendicular to all the other ones, used for CT scans

57
Q

what does superficial mean?

A

something on the surface

58
Q

what does deep mean?

A

deep under the surface

59
Q

what does intermediate mean?

A

muscles because they are in between superficial and deep

60
Q

what does proximal mean?

A

towards the centre

61
Q

what does distal mean?

A

away from the centre

62
Q

what does flexion mean?

A

reduction of joint angle, where there is not an obvious reduction it is where is is moved forwards, flexion of wrist is down, extension is upwards

63
Q

what plane does supination and pronation refer to?

A

when it is going through the middle finger

64
Q

what is abduction?

A

moving something away from the centre of the body

65
Q

what is adduction

A

moving something inwards towards the body

66
Q

what is lateral rotation?

A

spinning outwards

67
Q

what is circumduction

A

being able to rotate upper limb 360degrees, being able to do all the movements at the same time, allows lower limbs to completely turn and change direction

68
Q

what does mechanical arrangement mean?

A

minimal muscular activity

69
Q

what is tonic contraction

A

when you are standing still

70
Q

what is the swing phase of the gait cycle?

A

when you are unstable and you fall forward when you walk

Locomotor System BDS1 (8 decks)

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