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Locomotor System BDS1 > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 bits are bones divided into?

A

the middle and the sides

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2
Q

what side of the arm is the radius on?

A

the thumb side

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3
Q

what is the structure of the upper and lower body bone structure?

A

1 bone - 2 bones - many bones

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4
Q

what does costal cartilage help do?

A

link bones to the ribcage

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5
Q

what is diaphysis?

A

main shaft where the marrow is

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6
Q

what is yellow marrow?

A

fat

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7
Q

what happens in the epiphysis?

A

growth which allows the long bones to grow and develop

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8
Q

where is the epiphysis?

A

where the bone end joins to another bone

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9
Q

what does compact bone give?

A

good tensile strength

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of joint?

A

synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

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11
Q

describe the movement of the synovial joint

A

extensive, smooth movement

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12
Q

what cartilage is the synovial joint made of?

A

smooth cartilage

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13
Q

what does the cartilage in the synovial joint ensure?

A

that there’s no friction when the bones move

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14
Q

where is synovial fluid?

A

in the capsule of the synovial joint

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15
Q

what does synovial fluid ensure and what happens if their are any disturbances?

A

the smooth movement of the joint and any disturbances causes swelling and discomfort

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16
Q

do fibrous joints have a synovial cavity?

A

no

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17
Q

what is the fibrous joint held together by?

A

dense connective tissue

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18
Q

what movements do fibrous joints initially have before they are fixed in place?

A

they initially slide over each other

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19
Q

where can fibrous joints be found?

A

the sutures of the skull and the syndesmoses

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20
Q

what do cartilaginous joints not have?

A

a synovium

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21
Q

what are cartilaginous joints held together by?

A

cartilage

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22
Q

where can you find cartilaginous joints?

A

pelvis

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23
Q

describe the movement of the cartilaginous joint

A

little movement

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24
Q

what are synovial joints made up of?

A

bones, articular (hyaline) cartilage, marginal (fibro) cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, ligaments, tendons, muscles

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25
Q

what do ligaments do in the synovial joint?

A

hold everything together, they are passive stabilisers

26
Q

what do tendons do in the synovial joint?

A

they are active stabilisers

27
Q

what do muscles do in the synovial joint?

A

they move the joint

28
Q

where is the synovial fluid secreted from?

A

the synovial membrane

29
Q

what does the lack of movement in the sutures of the skull allow?

A

skull growth to adulthood

30
Q

what does the coronal suture link?

A

frontal to parietal bones

31
Q

how long does the anterior fontanel take to close?

A

2 months after birth

32
Q

how long does the posterior fontanel take to close?

A

2 years

33
Q

what is a symphysis?

A

a cartilaginous joint, bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrinocatilage in between e.g. pelvis, sternum and ribs

34
Q

what are synchondroses?

A

hyaline cartilage between bones that haven’t completely fused together yet

35
Q

what bones have sinuses in them?

A

frontal, maxilla, sphenoid and ethmoid

36
Q

what is the weakest point of the skull?

A

the pterion

37
Q

why is the spine S shaped?

A

because every time we walk we fall over

38
Q

what are the regions of the spine?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrum

39
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

C1-C7

40
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

T1-T12

41
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

L1-L5

42
Q

how many sacrum segments of the spine are there?

A

5

43
Q

what part of the spine contains the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

44
Q

where do spinal nerves exit vertebral canals?

A

through vertebral foramina

45
Q

how do you know where C7 is?

A

it is the lump at the back of the neck

46
Q

what are intervertebral discs made of?

A

water

47
Q

what are the bones of the pelvis?

A

iliac, pubic, ischium, superior pubic ramus, inferior pubic ramus, symphysis pubis

48
Q

what is the symphysis pubis?

A

the cartilaginous joint joining the right and left sides of the pelvis

49
Q

what are the 3 parts of the upper arm?

A

clavicle, scapula and humerus

50
Q

where is the humerus?

A

between the radius and ulna

51
Q

what is supination?

A

turning your arm so the palm of your hand is facing upwards

52
Q

what is pronation?

A

turning your arm so the palm of your hand is facing downwards

53
Q

how many bones are in the hand?

A

27

54
Q

how many carpal bones in the hand?

A

8

55
Q

how many metacarpals in the hand?

A

5

56
Q

how many phalanges in the hand?

A

14

57
Q

why is the hip joint the most stab;le?

A

because of the acetabulum being really well set inwards

58
Q

what is the most fragile part of the hip joint?

A

femoral neck

59
Q

what leg bone does not form part of the knee joint?

A

fibula

60
Q

what are the long bones of the leg?

A

femur, tibia and fibula

61
Q

how many bones are in the feet?

A

26

62
Q

what are the three different sets of bones in the foot?

A

tarsal bones, metatarsals and phalanges

Locomotor System BDS1 (8 decks)

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