Locomotion Flashcards
What does the skeletal system do?
Provides our basic shape, provides support for body, allows production of movement, protection of vital organs
What are the two functional parts of the skeletal system
Axial skeleton
head, neck, trunk
Appendicular skeleton
limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle
What does articular cartilage do?
reduces friction and improves movement
What is stronger cartilage or bone?
Bone
cartilage is flexible
Is cartilage avascular?
yes- doesn’t have a significant blood supply within it
What are the two types of bone?
spongy and compact
How do you differ between spongy and compact bone?
distinguished by the amount of solid matter and size of space
Describe compact bone?
Strength for weight bearing.
In long bones it is found in the middle of the shaft.
Long bones have elevations (ridges, crests and tubercles.
What are the 5 classifications of bone?
Long bones are tubular
Short bones are cuboidal (e.g. tarsus, carpus)
Flat bones are protective
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones (e.g. patella)
Where can bone markings lie?
Where tendons, ligaments or fascia is attached
Where arteries lie adjacent
What is bone formation?
Passage of a tendon to improve leverage
how much weight can the theemer in leg take?
20x body weight
where does the sesamoid patella bone sit?
in the tendon of the thigh- without this you cannot walk.
what is the main part of the bone called?
Diaphysis
What is epiphysis?
ends of long bone
What is contained in the medullary cavity?
bone marrow- re and yellow
What is the metaphysis of the bone?
area of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis
What bone suffers poor blood supply?
The tibia- shin bone
What are the 4 anatomical planes?
median plane
sagittal plane
frontal/ coronal plane
Transverse/ axial plane
what is flextion?
extention of upper limbs - shoulder, hip bone/ lower limb, vertebral column, elbow and leg joint
What is abduction?
Taking away from the body
What is adduction?
moving limbs towards the body
When is the posture most stable?
standing at ease
describe the body joints and muscles when standing at ease
Only a few of the back and lower limb muscles are active
Mechanical arrangement means minimal muscular activity
Hip and knee joints are most stable
Ankle is much less stable
Tendency for the body to “fall” forward
When we walk what cycle do we follow?
Gait cycle
